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Objective
We undertook this study to investigate the effect of B cell depletion on fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and its mechanism of action.
Methods
Mice with bleomycin‐induced SSc (BLM‐SSc) were treated with anti‐CD20 antibody, and skin and lung fibrosis were histopathologically evaluated. T cells and macrophages were cocultured with B cells, and the effect of B cells on their differentiation...
Objective
To determine the function and serum levels of soluble forms of programmed death 1 (sPD‐1) and one of its ligands, soluble PD ligand 2 (sPD‐L2), in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and in a mouse model of topoisomerase I (topo I)–induced SSc.
Methods
Serum levels of sPD‐1 and sPD‐L2 in 91 patients with SSc were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expression of...
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