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ObjectivesTo assess the effects of nonpharmacologic approaches to pain relief during labor, according to their endogenous mechanism of action, on obstetric interventions, maternal, and neonatal outcomes.
Data sourceCochrane library, Medline, Embase, CINAHL and the MRCT databases were used to screen studies from January 1990 to December 2012.
Study selectionAccording to Cochrane criteria, we selected...
ObjectivesTo critically appraise the literature on the relations between four intrapartum obstetric interventions—electronic fetal monitoring (EFM), epidural analgesia, labor induction, and labor acceleration; and two types of delivery—instrumental (forceps and vacuum) and cesarean section.
MethodsThis review included meta‐analyses published between January 2000 and April 2012 including at least...
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