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Recent observations of thick carpets of mobile salt slurries on the Red Sea floor (Salt Flows) and huge accumulations of salts in the sub-surface (‘Salt Walls’ and ‘Salt Ridges’), associated with topographical lows (Deeps), suggest that the Red Sea currently produces new volumes of brines and solid salts underground. The salt producing zone is focused around the central rifting axis and represents...
The new hydrothermal salt model predicts that salt may accumulate in the sub-surface by hydrothermal circulation of seawater and brines in locations of high heat-flow. Such conditions are primarily found along tectonic plate boundaries, with processes of subduction and rifting, associated with the Wilson cycles. Modern knowledge of the physicochemical and thermodynamic properties of salt solutions...
The formation of large salt deposits is observed especially in areas with a geological history of high tectonic activity. Over the last decade it has become a well-established fact that heavy brines form and solid salts precipitate, due to the thermodynamic and physico-chemical properties of seawater at high temperatures and pressures encountered within hydrothermal systems. This article reviews the...
A new conceptual model, called ‘the hydrothermal salt model’, predicts that salt may accumulate in the marine sub-surface from the hydrothermal circulation of sea water. The hypothesis is based on the physicochemical behaviour of supercritical sea water; when sea water is driven into its supercritical high-temperature and high-pressure domain (407 °C, 298 bars), it loses its solubility for the common...
Deep-rooted enigmatic piercement structures in sedimentary basins, including ‘mud volcanoes’, ‘shale diapirs’, ‘salt diapirs’, and ‘asphalt volcanoes’, range in size from less than 1 km 2 , surface area, up to 64 km 2 , and have often an unknown depth of penetration due to incomplete imaging. We propose that they form a family associated with fluid flow. Our argument is based partly...
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