Search results for: J.L.M. Hermens

Uptake and accumulation of three chlorobenzenes was studied in both biota (Enchytraeus crypticus) and 30 μm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers after exposure to spiked OECD soil. The OECD soil was spiked with three different concentrations of all contaminants. Uptake of all three chlorobenzenes in E. crypticus was fast and steady state levels were reached within...

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Measurement of free concentrations using negligible depletion-solid phase microextraction (nd-SPME)

M.B. Heringa, J.L.M. Hermens

Trends in Analytical Chemistry > 2003 > 22 > 9 > 575-587

Measurement of free concentration is necessary to determine the effective or bioavailable quantity of a chemical, and is also a way of determining the binding affinity or partition coefficient of a compound. This review gives a brief overview of the methods available to measure free concentrations and will focus on negligible depletion-solid phase microextraction (nd-SPME). Theoretical as well as...

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General and Class Specific Models for Prediction of Soil Sorption Using Various Physicochemical Descriptors

P.L. Andersson, U. Maran, D. Fara, M. Karelson, more

Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling > 2002 > 42 > 6 > 1450 - 1459

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Computer-modeling-based QSARs for analyzing experimental data on biotransformation and toxicity

A.E.M.F. Soffers, M.G. Boersma, W.H.J. Vaes, J. Vervoort, more

Toxicology in Vitro > 2001 > 15 > 4-5 > 539-551

Over the past decades the description of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) has been undertaken in order to find predictive models and/or mechanistic explanations for chemical as well as biological activities. This includes QSAR studies in toxicology. In an approach beyond the classical QSAR approaches, attempts have been made to define parameters for the QSAR studies on the basis...

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Bioavailability, Biodegradation, and Acclimation of Tetrahymena pyriformis to 1-Octanol

A.P. Bearden, G.D. Sinks, W.H.J. Vaes, E. Urrestarazu Ramos, more

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety > 1999 > 44 > 1 > 86-91

Previous work has indicated that the ubiquitous freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis acclimates to the presence of hydrophobic chemicals acting by nonpolar narcosis. Four explanations have been identified to explain this apparent acclimation: (1) genetic adaptation occurs resulting in a resistant population, (2) T. pyriformis quickly biodegrades hydrophobic chemicals resulting in a perceived...

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Role of Kinetics in Acute Lethality of Nonreactive Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

J. DeJongh, H.J.M. Verhaar, J.L.M. Hermens

Toxicological Sciences > 1998 > 45 > 1 > 26-32

The role of kinetics in the acute inhalation toxicity of nonreactive, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds, was analyzed with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model for the rat. For 15 VOCs, a total of 23 LC50 values were retrieved from the literature. It was observed that the external exposure parameter (LC50·exposure length; in ppm · h),...

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