Search results for: James J. Leahy

Items from 1 to 17 out of 17 results

article

Removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution using acid‐modified poultry litter‐derived hydrochar: adsorption, regeneration and reuse

Bashir Ghanim, James J Leahy, Thomas F OʼDwyer, Witold Kwapinski, more

Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology > 97 > 1 > 55 - 66

BACKGROUND Chromium (Cr) is widely used in industrial processes and is considered a major source of pollution when released to the environment. Of particular concern, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is amongst the most toxic heavy metals affecting human health and living organisms when fugitive emissions contaminate aqueous environments. Consequently, its removal and recovery are priorities for environmental...

article

Pyrolysis of wastewater sludge and composted organic fines from municipal solid waste: laboratory reactor characterisation and product distribution

David A. Agar, Marzena Kwapinska, James J. Leahy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research > 2018 > 25 > 36 > 35874- 35882

Sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants and organic fines from mechanical sorting of municipal solid waste (MSW) are two common widespread waste streams that are becoming increasingly difficult to utilise. Changing perceptions of risk in food production has limited the appeal of sludge use on agricultural land, and outlets via landfilling are diminishing rapidly. These factors have led to...

article

Stability and rheological study of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and alginate suspensions as binders for lithium ion batteries

Alberto García, Mario Culebras, Maurice N. Collins, James J. Leahy

Journal of Applied Polymer Science > 135 > 17 > n/a - n/a

Currently, the most widely used binder in batteries is polyvinylidene fluoride with N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone used as a solvent. This solvent is flammable and toxic. Here, we focus on the suitability of using water‐soluble sodium alginate (Na‐alginate) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na‐CMC) as alternative biobased binder materials for the anodes of lithium ion batteries. It reduces the environmental...

article

Hydrothermal carbonisation of poultry litter: Effects of initial pH on yields and chemical properties of hydrochars

Bashir M. Ghanim, Witold Kwapinski, James J. Leahy

Bioresource Technology > 2017 > 238 > C > 78-85

In this study, hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) of poultry litter (PL) was carried out to evaluate the impact of initial pH using acetic acid (CH₃COOH) or sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) on the yields and properties of hydrochar (HC). The PL samples were treated by HTC at various initial pH and at 250°C for 2h. The HCs produced were characterized by ultimate, proximate and fibre analyses as well as heating...

article

Artificial neural network based modelling approach for municipal solid waste gasification in a fluidized bed reactor

Daya Shankar Pandey, Saptarshi Das, Indranil Pan, James J. Leahy, more

Waste Management > 2016 > 58 > C > 202-213

In this paper, multi-layer feed forward neural networks are used to predict the lower heating value of gas (LHV), lower heating value of gasification products including tars and entrained char (LHV_p) and syngas yield during gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW) during gasification in a fluidized bed reactor. These artificial neural networks (ANNs) with different architectures are trained using...

article

Heterogeneous Char Based Solid Acid Catalysts from Brown Bin Waste to Create a Green Process for the Production of Butyl Butyrate

Francesco Severini, James J. Leahy, Witold Kwapinski

Waste and Biomass Valorization > 2017 > 8 > 7 > 2431-2441

Brown bin waste can be used for the production of butanol and butyric acid by employing fermentation techniques. This study focuses on heterogeneous solid acid catalyst obtained from solid residues derived from a fermentation process and applied for the efficient conversion of butyric acid to butyl butyrate. The solid acid catalysts were produced by sulfonation of char obtained from the slow pyrolysis...

article

Hydrothermal carbonisation of poultry litter: Effects of treatment temperature and residence time on yields and chemical properties of hydrochars

Bashir M. Ghanim, Daya Shankar Pandey, Witold Kwapinski, James J. Leahy

Bioresource Technology > 2016 > 216 > C > 373-380

In this study, hydrochars were prepared by hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) of poultry litter (PL) at temperatures between 150–300°C with residence times of 30, 120 and 480min. The effects of treatment temperature and residence time on the yield and composition of hydrochar were investigated. Both treatment temperature and residence time effects were observed however, the effect of residence time...

article

Cynara cardunculus L. gasification in a bubbling fluidized bed: The effect of magnesite and olivine on product gas, tar and gasification performance

Daniel Serrano, Marzena Kwapinska, Alen Horvat, Sergio Sánchez-Delgado, more

Fuel > 2016 > 173 > C > 247-259

Gasification of Cynara cardunculus L. was performed in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) using air as gasifying agent and, magnesite and olivine as different bed materials. Temperature was varied during the experiments (700–800°C) with fixed biomass feeding and air flow rate. The effect of using the magnesite and olivine on gas and tar composition, carbon and biomass conversion, and cold gas efficiency...

article

Development of heterogeneous acid catalysts produced from the carbonization of Miscanthus x giganteus for the esterification of butyric acid to butyl butyrate with n‐butanol

Francesco Severini, Thomas Flannelly, Daniel O' Nolan, James J Leahy, more

Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology > 91 > 7 > 2076 - 2084

BACKGROUNDButyl butyrate is an environmentally friendly biofuel component that can be produced through the esterification of butyric acid with n‐butanol, both of which are obtainable from waste products. The reaction can be optimized by commercial catalysts; however they are currently hindered by issues such as environmental sustainability and cost. Thus, efforts have been made to develop catalysts...

article

Greenhouse gas emissions and soil properties following amendment with manure-derived biochars: Influence of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type

Raghunath Subedi, Natalie Taupe, Simone Pelissetti, Laura Petruzzelli, more

Journal of Environmental Management > 2016 > 166 > Complete > 73-83

Manure-derived biochars can offer a potential option for the stabilization of manure, while mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration and the attenuation of nitrous oxide emission. A laboratory incubation study was conducted to assess the effects of four different manure-derived biochars produced from different feedstocks (poultry litter and swine manure) at different temperatures (400...

article

Multi-gene genetic programming based predictive models for municipal solid waste gasification in a fluidized bed gasifier

Daya Shankar Pandey, Indranil Pan, Saptarshi Das, James J. Leahy, more

Bioresource Technology > 2015 > 179 > C > 524-533

A multi-gene genetic programming technique is proposed as a new method to predict syngas yield production and the lower heating value for municipal solid waste gasification in a fluidized bed gasifier. The study shows that the predicted outputs of the municipal solid waste gasification process are in good agreement with the experimental dataset and also generalise well to validation (untrained) data...

article

ZrO2-modified TiO2 nanorod composite: Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization and application in esterification of organic acid

Zhonglai Li, Yichen Liu, Witold Kwapinski, James J. Leahy

Materials Chemistry and Physics > 2014 > 145 > 1-2 > 82-89

ZrO ₂ -modified TiO ₂ nanorod composites were synthesized by using the hydrothermal synthesis approach. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman, IR, and XPS. It was found that both sizes and morphologies of ZrO ₂ particles significantly depended on the reaction temperatures and hydrothermal synthesis time. TEM results exhibited that large sized...

article

Impact of torrefaction on properties of Miscanthus×giganteus relevant to gasification

Gang Xue, Marzena Kwapinska, Witold Kwapinski, Krzysztof M. Czajka, more

Fuel > 2014 > 121 > Complete > 189-197

Miscanthus×giganteus (M×G) was torrefied to improve its thermal and physical properties prior to thermal conversion. Torrefaction was undertaken at a series of temperatures from 230 to 290°C for residence times varying from 10 to 30min and the product biomass was characterized in terms of it is suitability as a feedstock for gasification. The properties of the torrefied M×G were improved following...

article

Effect of sawdust addition and composting of feedstock on renewable energy and biochar production from pyrolysis of anaerobically digested pig manure

Shane M. Troy, Tereza Nolan, James J. Leahy, Peadar G. Lawlor, more

Biomass and Bioenergy > 2013 > 49 > Complete > 1-9

Pyrolysis experiments were conducted on the separated solid fraction of anaerobically digested pig manure (SADPM). The aim of these experiments was to investigate the influence of (1) sawdust addition and (2) composting the feedstock, on the products of pyrolysis and on the net energy yield from the pyrolysis process. Mixtures of SADPM and sawdust were made to give the following treatments; manure...

article

An integrated process for the production of platform chemicals and diesel miscible fuels by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and downstream upgrading of the acid hydrolysis residues with thermal and catalytic pyrolysis

Buana Girisuta, Konstantinos G. Kalogiannis, Karla Dussan, James J. Leahy, more

Bioresource Technology > 2012 > 126 > Complete > 92-100

This study evaluates an integrated process for the production of platform chemicals and diesel miscible biofuels. An energy crop (Miscanthus) was treated hydrothermally to produce levulinic acid (LA). Temperatures ranging between 150 and 200°C, sulfuric acid concentrations 1–5wt.% and treatment times 1–12h were applied to give different combined severity factors. Temperatures of 175 and 200°C and...

article

Effect of sawdust addition on composting of separated raw and anaerobically digested pig manure

Shane M. Troy, Tereza Nolan, Witold Kwapinski, James J. Leahy, more

Journal of Environmental Management > 2012 > 111 > Complete > 70-77

Manures need the addition of carbon-rich bulking agents to conserve N during composting, which increases the cost of the composting process. The recommended proportion of manure/sawdust, based on a carbon (C):nitrogen (N) ratio, is approximately 3:2. Two composting experiments were conducted to determine the impact of varying the proportion of sawdust to either separated raw, or separated anaerobically...

article

Characterization of compost produced from separated pig manure and a variety of bulking agents at low initial C/N ratios

Tereza Nolan, Shane M. Troy, Mark G. Healy, Witold Kwapinski, more

Bioresource Technology > 2011 > 102 > 14 > 7131-7138

The aim of this study was to investigate the composting of separated pig manure solids with or without a variety of bulking agents at a low initial C/N ratio (12.5–23.3). Compost stability was investigated using an oxygen uptake rate (OUR) test and compost maturity was investigated using a germination index test. All treatments showed typical patterns of compost temperature. Temperatures above 60°C...

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