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Background
To the authors' knowledge, race‐based differences in efficacy for the treatment of patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not been studied to date due to the underrepresentation of patients of minority backgrounds in pivotal trials. In the current study, the authors examined real‐world differences in outcome in a diverse patient population.
Methods
The authors...
Background
Body mass index (BMI) is used to define obesity, but it is an imperfect measure of body composition. In the current study, the authors explored the association between types of fat and survival in patients treated with immunotherapy.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of 90 patients who were treated with immunotherapy on phase 1 clinical trials at the Winship Cancer Institute in Atlanta,...
Background
Optimal prognostic and predictive biomarkers for patients with advanced‐stage cancer patients who received immunotherapy (IO) are lacking. Inflammatory markers, such as the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and the platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), are readily available. The authors investigated the association between these markers and clinical...
BACKGROUND
The addition of chemotherapy to adjuvant radiotherapy (chemotherapy and radiation therapy [CRT]) improves overall survival (OS) for patients with high‐risk grade 2 gliomas; however, the impact of chemotherapy alone (CA) is unknown. This study compares the OS of patients with high‐risk grade 2 gliomas treated with CA versus CRT.
METHODS
Patients with high‐risk grade 2 gliomas (subtotal...
BACKGROUND
Patients with resectable esophageal cancer (rEC) are managed with either concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery (CRSx) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone (cCR). To the authors' knowledge, there is insufficient evidence comparing the overall survival of patients treated with these 2 options.
METHODS
The National Cancer Data Base was queried for rEC cases diagnosed from 2003...
BACKGROUND
The authors determined the impact of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) on overall survival (OS) among patients with pT3N0M0 breast cancer in the National Cancer Data Base.
METHODS
A total of 3437 patients with pT3N0M0 breast cancer who initially were treated with mastectomy between 2003 and 2011 were identified. Of these women, 1644 (47.8%) received PMRT (67% treated with chest wall...
BACKGROUND
Stage II and III rectal cancers have been effectively treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) followed by definitive resection. Advancements in surgical technique and systemic therapy have prompted investigation of neoadjuvant multiagent chemotherapy (NMAC) regimens with the elimination of radiation (RT). The objective of the current study was to investigate factors that predict...
BACKGROUND
Postoperative management of prostate cancer with lymph node involvement (LNI) is controversial. Retrospective evidence supports the selective use of radiotherapy (RT) after extended pelvic lymph node dissection. It is unclear whether this is generalizable to practice in the United States, where extended dissection is uncommon. The authors identified patients with LNI who potentially could...
BACKGROUNDRAS/RAF/mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation is common in myeloid malignancies. Trametinib, a mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1)/MEK2 inhibitor with activity against multiple myeloid cell lines at low nanomolar concentrations, was evaluated for safety and clinical activity in patients with relapsed/refractory leukemias.
METHODSThis phase 1/2 study accrued patients with...
BACKGROUNDStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has demonstrated high rates of local control with low morbidity and has now emerged as the standard of care for medically inoperable, early stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the impact of lung SBRT on survival in the elderly population is less clear given competing comorbid conditions. An analysis of the National Cancer Data Base...
BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to evaluate predictors of early distant brain failure (DBF) and salvage whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT) after treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases and create a clinically relevant risk score to stratify patients’ risk for these events.
METHODSThe records of 270 patients with brain metastases who were treated with SRS between 2003...
BACKGROUND
Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and is approved for the treatment of patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). Previous authors have reported differential response to bevacizumab on an individual basis. Bevacizumab‐induced hypertension is a well‐documented side effect, and some reports have suggested this occurrence to be related to treatment...
BACKGROUNDPancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) has low overall survival (OS) rates and high recurrence rates following surgical resection. The role for preoperative radiation therapy (prRT) for PAC versus postoperative RT (poRT) remains uncertain. The authors used the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to report prRT outcomes for the largest multi‐institutional patient cohort to date.
METHODSNCDB data were...
BACKGROUNDAdjuvant radiotherapy (A‐RT) for patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is controversial. In the current study, the authors aim to determine whether there is an association between overall survival (OS) and A‐RT dose.
METHODSNational Cancer Data Base (NCDB) data were obtained for all patients who received A‐RT for resected PAC from 1998 through 2002. Univariate and multivariate...
BACKGROUND:The 5‐year survival rate for patients with pancreatic cancer is <5%, and it is always resistant to the current chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, new, effective agents for the treatment of pancreatic cancer are urgently needed. The promising strategy of cancer‐targeting gene virotherapy (CTGVT) has demonstrated great anticancer potential. The objective of the current study was to determine...
BACKGROUND:Ethical concerns about phase 1 trials persist. Important conceptual advances have been made in understanding concepts used to describe misunderstanding. However, a systematic, empirical evaluation of the frequency of misunderstanding incorporating recent developments is lacking.
METHODS:The authors queried 95 participants in phase 1 trials to provide a more sophisticated estimate of the...
BACKGROUND:Controversies exist with regard to thoracic radiotherapy volumes for limited‐stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). This study compared locoregional progression and overall survival between limited‐stage SCLC patients who received thoracic radiotherapy to different target volumes after induction chemotherapy.
METHODS:Chemotherapy consisted of 6 cycles of etoposide and cisplatin. After 2...
BACKGROUND:Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) provides better temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sparing and, thus, may reduce the incidence of radiation‐induced trismus after radiotherapy. The objectives of this study were to evaluate radiation‐induced trismus in patients with NPC who had received IMRT and to assess the pretreatment factors, relevant treatment...
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