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Bacteria use chemoreceptor proteins to sense and navigate their chemical environments. The most common class of chemoreceptors are transmembrane proteins that sense chemical cues through binding of a small‐molecule ligand to a periplasmic domain, which modulates the receptor's ability to stimulate reversal of the cell's flagella motors. The prevalent gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori uses such...
The fluorescence emission of yellow fluorescent proteins (YFPs) has been shown to respond rapidly and reversibly to changes in the concentration of some small anions such as halides; this allows for the use of YFPs as genetically encodable Cl− sensors that may be targeted to specific organelles in living cells. Fluorescence is suppressed due to protonation of the chromophore upon anion binding, with...
Background: Because of its ability to spontaneously generate its own fluorophore, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria is used extensively as a fluorescent marker in molecular and cell biology. The yellow fluorescent proteins (YFPs) have the longest wavelength emissions of all GFP variants examined to date. This shift in the spectrum is the result of a T203Y substitution...
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