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Alkyl carboxyl betaines are good surfactants for reducing crude oil/connate water interfacial tension but may turn negatively charged sandstone surfaces to oil-wet at low concentration via in situ hydrophobization. This effect can be inhibited by adding trace amount of gentle alkali such as Na2CO3 into surfactant solution, where the OH−ions shield the positive charges in alkyl carboxyl betaine molecules...
To avoid side effects in alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding due to use of caustic alkalis, surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding free of alkali has been paid more attention in recently years. This calls surfactants more hydrophobic than those used in ASP flooding. A carboxyl betaine with double long alkyls, didodecylmethylcarboxyl betaine (diC12B), is such a candidate which behaves very well in reducing...
The separation efficiency of butyl acetate (BA) from the wastewater of penicillin plant can be improved by solvent sublation. The mechanism of enrichment of BA at the air–water interface is important to the separation process. The predicted adsorption isotherm from BA solution showed that a molecular adsorption mechanism of BA on the air–water interface alone could not elucidate the high sublation...
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