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Objective olfactory test is rare. Recently, near-infrared spectroscopy has been used to study functional activations of the brain. We used multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy to monitor the activity of the frontal cortex as mirrored by hemodynamic responses subjected to olfactory stimulation. The aim of this study is to establish the objective olfactory Assessment using Multichannel near-infrared...
Olfactory impairment is a characteristic of early stage of Parkinson's disease (PD). Over 95% of PD patients present with severe olfactory loss. Almost all olfactory tests are subjective. Therefore, olfactometry cannot be performed unless the patient himself/herself notices olfactory impairment. When the condition of the patients was diagnosed as a PD, they had completely lost their sense of olfaction...
Collaborative Learning attracts attention as a new teaching method for its effectiveness of acquiring various skills. Recognizing the limit of current design of personal computer (PC) for collaborative learning in face-to-face environment, the authors have proposed a computer system called Socialized Computer (SC) that allows multiple users access to the computer with multiple mice and keyboards,...
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