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Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is a typical inflammatory disease characterized by a dysregulated expression of cytokines, which contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. IL-36 cytokines (IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ and IL-36Ra) are important players in infection and immunity. However, their roles in the pathogenesis of chronic HBV infection remain unknown. Here...
Progranulin (PGRN) is implicated in infection, immunity and host defense, but its role in the pathogenesis of HBV infection remains unknown. Here we investigated whether there is dysregulated production and the clinical significance of circulating PGRN in patients with chronic HBV infection. Serum concentrations of PGRN were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum PGRN levels were significantly...
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal infection, and they are considered as potential protein vaccine antigens. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of immunization with pneumococcal HSPs, including ClpP (hsp100/Clp peptidase subunit), DnaJ (hsp40) and GroEL (hsp60), to protect against pneumococcal carriage, lung colonization and sepsis in mouse...
Protein-based vaccines are considered to be the next-generation of pneumococcal vaccines. Here we evaluated the protection elicited by immunization with recombinant glutamyl tRNA synthetase (Gts), polyamine transport protein D (PotD) and sortase A (SrtA) antigens in preclinical mouse models. In mucosal immunization studies, intranasal immunization with either Gts, PotD or SrtA could significantly...
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