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Background The mechanism underlying the interaction between host plant and host-selective toxin (HST)-producing Alternaria alternata during infection is of particular interest for sustainable crop production. Alternaria blotch of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) caused by A. alternata apple pathotype is a major disease particularly in East Asia, which is the largest producer of apples globally. A...
The columnar apple ‘McIntosh Wijcik’, which is a mutation of ‘McIntosh’ shoots, has short internodes, thick stems, upright growth, poor lateral branches, and increased spur density. These columnar traits are controlled by a single dominant gene known as Co. We previously identified a putative dioxygenase gene (designated as 91071) as a promising Co candidate (expressed in the shoot apices of ‘McIntosh...
Since apple fruit skin reddens poorly under warmer climates, new apple cultivars are desired that are adapted to global warming in terms of bearing well-reddened fruit. We developed a simple sequence repeat marker, Mdo.chr9.4, which is suitable for red skin color selection. It amplified four alleles (Mdo.chr9.4-R0, Mdo.chr9.4-Y−3, Mdo.chr9.4-Y−9, and Mdo.chr9.4-Y−15) distinguished by length. Mdo.chr9...
Multi-copters have the capability to control the torque in three dimensions without interference from each axis. With that feasible characteristic, multi-copters are applied for many tasks. However, they cannot control the thrust in three dimensions, only in the vertical direction. Therefore, they cannot control their position and attitude independently. Because of this drawback, applicable tasks...
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