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In SPADnet we have advocated the use of standardized photonic modules for modular assembly of PET systems. In this paper, we tackle the scalability problem, starting from synchronization. Since the photonic modules in a ring must ensure tens of picoseconds in timing accuracy, it is essential that the synchronization of each module be accurate, irrespective of the number of modules in a ring, the ring's...
The design and realization of a truly scalable, distributed real time coincidence detection technique for multi-ring based Positron Emission Tomography (PET) systems is presented in this work. To ensure scalability to various PET configurations, the design was optimized at two abstraction levels. First, at the system level, a network was designed to facilitate lower packet latency. Second, at the...
A complete simulation environment, designed to aid the SPADnet network design and to perform scalability studies, is presented in this work. Two simulators, namely a coincidence network simulator and a data transfer simulator, designed to simulate two network channels, were optimized for speed and memory. Furthermore, these simulators were coupled with GATE in order to emulate a real PET system network...
This paper is the first comprehensive presentation of the SPADnet concept. SPADnet is a fully digital, networked MRI compatible time-of-flight PET system, exploiting the speed and integration density of deep-submicron CMOS technologies. The core enabling technologics of SPADnet are a sensor device comprising an array of 8×16 pixels, each composed of 4 mini-SiPMs with in situ time-to-digital conversion,...
A handheld probe for direct positron detection based on scintillators coupled to silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) is presented in this paper. The battery-powered system is optimised for intra-operative use. It is fully sterilisable and wirelessly connected to a PC running a graphical user interface. Successful pilot clinical trials have shown the use in oncological surgery.
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