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This paper presents a new mixed integer linear programing (MILP) model for the management of energy consumption and comfort in smart buildings. Initially, a detailed mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model is formulated. The approach considers the management of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) units, lighting appliances, photovoltaic generation (PV) and energy storage system...
This paper discusses the design of a virtual instrument for the analysis of three-phase four-wire circuits. Although the flexibility of the proposed instrument in terms of using different methodologies, this paper focuses on the evaluation of several power terms defined in STD 1459 and FDB (Fryze-Buchholz-Depenbrock) approaches. Laboratory measurements are presented and discussed in order to evaluate...
Distributed Generation (DG) can provide multiple benefits in MV/LV distribution networks. However, high penetration levels may cause technical issues to the grid, as already observed in some countries. Thus, Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) have to consider alternative solutions to guarantee normal operation, even under high penetration levels. In this paper, a time-series based probabilistic...
In this paper, the optimal schedule of dispatchable distributed generation (DG) units connected to radial electrical distribution systems (EDS) is solved using an extended dynamic programming approach. The objective of the optimal DG scheduling problem is to determine the hour-by-hour active generation output of each dispatchable DG unit, in order to minimize the total active power losses of the EDS...
In this paper, a novel mathematical optimization model for the optimal load scheduling in smart buildings is presented. The proposed building energy management system uses the optimization model to make a quick and optimal load scheduling. Analysis of the results shows the stability of the propose model when solving the problem in residential smart buildings. Minimization of the use of the grid's...
Controllable load scheduling is an important topic of study in smart homes which intends to use intelligent distributed resources, especially those which provide renewable energy in order to minimize cost of power supplied by the distribution network. This paper develops a model for controllable load scheduling in a smart home using GRASP. The developed model seeks to maximize the available energy...
This paper proposes a real-time Energy Management System (EMS) for a low voltage (LV) Microgrid (MG). The system operation consists in solving the Unit Commitment (UC) and Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) simultaneously for 24 hours ahead at every 15-minute period. This operation is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem where the minimization of operational cost, total emissions and power...
This paper proposes two novel algorithms to detect appliance switch-ON/OFF events, which is the first key step of a Nonintrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) software. The Window with Margins method uses the left and right margins of a window running over the house power consumption curve to locate power steps, while the Shifted Sample method relies on the derivative of the power consumption curve to identify...
The increasing adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) on the market has raised a concern about the technical impacts this massive connection scenario may bring to the grid. In response to such concern, this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of plug-in EV charging impact on distribution networks. Three aspects of EV connection are addressed. Firstly, residential penetration is considered...
This article proposes the use of PSCAD/EMTDC to model and simulate a three-phase x-ray machine. The model is an alternative tool to power quality studies, load connection impact analysis and power factor correction in the electric power distribution systems. The developed model is used to identify and quantify potential impacts of the X-ray machine in the electric power distribution system. Analyzes...
Large hydroelectric power plants are planned or under construction on the Amazon basin, located in the north region of Brazil. However, the main load centers in Brazil are located on the southeast and northeast regions, far from these generation sites by 2500–3000 km. These projects bring new challenges for power system engineers in terms of designing and operating transmission lines for very large...
This paper discusses a method for distribution system load modeling based on detection of normal voltage disturbances. The method is under investigation and testing in a distribution utility in Brazil. The basic idea is to monitor the voltage, active and reactive powers and, during detectable voltage variations, depending on the relationship among these variables, determine the voltage dependent load...
This paper discusses a method for distribution system load modeling based on detection of normal voltage disturbances. The method is under investigation and testing in a distribution utility in Brazil. The basic idea is to monitor the voltage, active and reactive powers and, during detectable voltage variations, depending on the relationship among these variables, determine the voltage dependent load...
In order to contribute to the discussion of defining a generalized power theory, valid for unbalanced and non linear circuits, this paper discusses the relationship and discrepancies among four modern power theories. Three-phase four-wire circuits, under different conditions, have been analyzed, since the most conflicting and intriguing interpretations take place in case of return conductor occurrence...
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that voltage sags can be mitigated through the application of demand voltage reserve technology. It means that a demand as voltage reserve with the capability of sensing the voltage magnitude supplied by the network could also be added to the cyclic control of thermal loads in order to disconnect the supplies in case of slow recovery voltage sags. The...
This paper presents a method for on-line monitoring of risk voltage collapse based on synchronised phasor measurement. As there is no room for intensive computation and analysis in real-time, the method is based on the combination of off-line computation and on-line monitoring, which are correlated through statistic analysis. During the off-line analysis, a memory of high-risk situations following...
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