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Polyorchidism is defined as the presence of more than two testes. This rare congenital anomaly has been reported with only 140 pathologically proven cases in the published literature to date. While triorchidism is the most common variation and generally affects the left side, bilateral polyorchidism is even rare and only seven cases of patients with four testes have been reported in the literature...
Uroflowmetry is a measuring method, which provides numerical and graphical information about patient's lower urinary tract dynamics by measuring and plotting the rate of change of voided urine volume. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate uroflowmetric data using artificial neural networks (ANN) and provide a pre-diagnostic result for urology specialists. The ANN is trained using back-propagation...
Ureteral stents have proved to be an invaluable tool in the armamentarium of the urological surgeon. Stents have also been advocated as an adjunct for ureteral reconstruction in renal transplantation. However, stents can cause significant problems, including migration, fragmentation, and incrustation. More interestingly, it may possibly be forgotten. We herein report a case of a long-forgotten indwelling...
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