Paola Zamparo

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Characterization of the in vivo transient responses of the femoral cartilage by means of quantitative ultrasound imaging techniques

Andrea Monte, Martino V. Franchi, Paola Zamparo

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports > 34 > 4 > n/a - n/a

Background Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) techniques are new diagnostic tools able to identify changes in structural and material properties of the investigated tissue. For the first time, we evaluated the capability of QUS techniques in determining the in vivo transient changes in knee joint cartilage after a stressful task. Methods An ultrasound scanner collecting B‐mode and radiofrequency data...

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Muscle shape changes in Parkinson's disease impair function during rapid contractions

Andrea Monte, Riccardo Magris, Francesca Nardello, Federica Bombieri, more

Acta Physiologica > 238 > 1 > n/a - n/a

Aim Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized, among the others, by muscle weakness. PD patients reach lower values of peak torque during maximal voluntary contractions but also slower rates of torque development (RTD) during explosive contractions. The aim of this study was to better understand how an impairment in structural/mechanical (peripheral) factors...

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The interplay between gastrocnemius medialis force–length and force–velocity potentials, cumulative EMG activity and energy cost at speeds above and below the walk to run transition speed

Andrea Monte, Paolo Tecchio, Francesca Nardello, Beatriz Bachero‐Mena, more

Experimental Physiology > 108 > 1 > 90 - 102

The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between the force–length (F–L) and force–velocity (F–V) potentials of gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle fascicles, the cumulative muscle activity per distance travelled (CMAPD) of the lower limb muscles (GM, vastus lateralis, biceps femori, tibialis anterior) and net energy cost (C_net) during walking and running at speeds above and below the...

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Influence of muscle‐belly and tendon gearing on the energy cost of human walking

Andrea Monte, Paolo Tecchio, Francesca Nardello, Beatriz Bachero‐Mena, more

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports > 32 > 5 > 844 - 855

This study combines metabolic and kinematic measurements at the whole‐body level, with EMG and ultrasound measurements to investigate the influence of muscle‐tendon mechanical behavior on the energy cost (C_net) of walking (from 2 to 8 km·h⁻¹). Belly gearing (Gb = Δmuscle‐belly length/Δfascicles length) and tendon gearing (Gt = ∆muscle‐tendon unit length/∆muscle‐belly length) of vastus lateralis (VL)...

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Mechanical work as a (key) determinant of energy cost in human locomotion: recent findings and future directions

Leonardo A. Peyré‐Tartaruga, Arthur H. Dewolf, Pietro E. di Prampero, Gabriel Fábrica, more

Experimental Physiology > 106 > 9 > 1897 - 1908

New Findings What is the topic of this review? This narrative review explores past and recent findings on the mechanical determinants of energy cost during human locomotion, obtained by using a mechanical approach based on König's theorem (Fenn's approach). What advances does it highlight? Developments in analytical methods and their applications allow a better understanding of the mechanical–bioenergetic...

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Gastrocnemius Medialis and Vastus Lateralis in vivo muscle‐tendon behavior during running at increasing speeds

Andrea Monte, Vasilios Baltzopoulos, Constantinos N. Maganaris, Paola Zamparo

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports > 30 > 7 > 1163 - 1176

This study combines in vivo ultrasound measurements of the Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Gastrocnemius Medialis (GM) muscles with electromyographic, kinematic, and kinetic measurements during treadmill running at different speeds (10, 13, and 16 km/h) to better understand the role of muscle and tendon behavior in two functionally different muscle‐tendon units. In addition, the force‐length and force‐velocity...

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Comprehensive mechanical power analysis in sprint running acceleration

Gaspare Pavei, Paola Zamparo, Norihisa Fujii, Takuya Otsu, more

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports > 29 > 12 > 1892 - 1900

Sprint running is a common feature of many sport activities. The ability of an athlete to cover a distance in the shortest time relies on his/her power production. The aim of this study was to provide an exhaustive description of the mechanical determinants of power output in sprint running acceleration and to check whether a predictive equation for internal power designed for steady locomotion is...

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Interactive footsteps sounds modulate the sense of effort without affecting the kinematics and metabolic parameters during treadmill-walking

Luca Turchet, Ivan Camponogara, Francesca Nardello, Paola Zamparo, more

Applied Acoustics > 2018 > 129 > C > 379-385

Previous research has shown that walkers provided with interactive simulations of footstep sounds on a surface material different from the one they are walking upon, experience pseudo-haptic illusions and adjust their walking kinematic according to the perceived surfaces’ compliance. Since walking on real grounds with different degrees of compliance leads to different metabolic costs, an open question...

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Water-based training enhances both physical capacities and body composition in healthy young adult women

Camilla Raffaelli, Chiara Milanese, Massimo Lanza, Paola Zamparo

Sport Sciences for Health > 2016 > 12 > 2 > 195-207

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a 9 weeks aquatic training program on aerobic capacity, muscle strength, flexibility, balance and body composition in 34 healthy young adult women. Methods Five typical water based exercises (WE) of known intensity were utilized during the classes; intensity ranged from “moderate” to “hard” according to ACSM criteria (RPE range...

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Mechanical work and efficiency of 5 + 5 m shuttle running

Paola Zamparo, Gaspare Pavei, Francesca Nardello, Davide Bartolini, more

European Journal of Applied Physiology > 2016 > 116 > 10 > 1911-1919

Purpose Acceleration and deceleration phases characterise shuttle running (SR) compared to constant speed running (CR); mechanical work is thus expected to be larger in the former compared to the latter, at the same average speed (v _mean). The aim of this study was to measure total mechanical work (W _tot ⁺ , J kg⁻¹ m⁻¹) during SR as the sum of internal (W ...

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Planimetric frontal area in the four swimming strokes: Implications for drag, energetics and speed

Giorgio Gatta, Matteo Cortesi, Silvia Fantozzi, Paola Zamparo

Human Movement Science > 2015 > 39 > Complete > 41-54

The purpose of this study was to use the planimetric method to determine frontal area (Ap) throughout the stroke cycle in the four swimming strokes as well as during “streamlined leg kicking”. The minimum Ap values in all strokes are similar to those assessed during “streamlined leg kicking” (about 0.13m ² ). Active drag (Da=1/2ρ C _d Ap v ² ) was then calculated/estimated based...

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Energetics (and kinematics) of short shuttle runs

Paola Zamparo, Francesca Bolomini, Francesca Nardello, Marco Beato

European Journal of Applied Physiology > 2015 > 115 > 9 > 1985-1994

Purposes The energy cost of shuttle running (C _netSR), over distances of 10–20 m, was reported to increase with the shuttle speed and to decrease with the shuttle distance. The aims of this study were to assess C _netSR over a shorter distance (5 m), at different speeds, and to estimate the energy cost based on a simple kinematic analysis (C _netK). Methods Ten subjects (six basketball players, BP;...

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Biomechanical and energetic determinants of technique selection in classical cross-country skiing

Barbara Pellegrini, Chiara Zoppirolli, Lorenzo Bortolan, Hans-Christer Holmberg, more

Human Movement Science > 2013 > 32 > 6 > 1415-1429

Classical cross-country skiing can be performed using three main techniques: diagonal stride (DS), double poling (DP), and double poling with kick (DK). Similar to other forms of human and animal gait, it is currently unclear whether technique selection occurs to minimize metabolic cost or to keep some mechanical factors below a given threshold. The aim of this study was to find the determinants of...

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Anaerobic alactic energy assessment in middle distance swimming

Ana Sousa, Pedro Figueiredo, Paola Zamparo, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, more

European Journal of Applied Physiology > 2013 > 113 > 8 > 2153-2158

To estimate the anaerobic alactic contribution in a 200 m middle distance swimming trial by means of two different methods based: (1) on the fast component of the $$ \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{ 2} $$ off-kinetics (Ana_recovery) and (2) on the kinetics of maximal phosphocreatine splitting in the contracting muscle (Ana_pcr). Ten elite male swimmers performed a 200 m front crawl trial at maximal velocity...

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Different methods for monitoring intensity during water-based aerobic exercises

C. Raffaelli, C. Galvani, M. Lanza, Paola Zamparo

European Journal of Applied Physiology > 2012 > 112 > 1 > 125-134

The aim of this study was to compare different measurement techniques (indirect calorimetry, IC; heart rate monitoring, HR; an activity monitoring system, AH; rates of perceived exertion, RPE) to estimate physical activity intensity (light, moderate, vigorous) during water-based aerobic exercises (WE). Twelve healthy young women performed five common WE of 10-min duration at three frequencies in an...

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An energy balance of the 200 m front crawl race

Pedro Figueiredo, Paola Zamparo, Ana Sousa, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, more

European Journal of Applied Physiology > 2011 > 111 > 5 > 767-777

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relative contribution of the aerobic (Aer), anaerobic lactic (AnL) and alactic (AnAl) energy sources during each of the four laps of a 200 m front crawl race. Additionally, energy cost (C) and arm stroke efficiency were also computed. Ten international swimmers performed a 200 m front crawl swim, as well as 50, 100, and 150 m at the 200 m pace...

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The critical velocity in swimming

Pietro E. Prampero, Jeanne Dekerle, Carlo Capelli, Paola Zamparo

European Journal of Applied Physiology > 2008 > 102 > 2 > 165-171

In supra-maximal exercise to exhaustion, the critical velocity (cv) is conventionally calculated from the slope of the distance (d) versus time (t) relationship: d = I + St. I is assumed to be the distance covered at the expense of the anaerobic capacity, S the speed maintained on the basis of the subject’s maximal O₂ uptake $$(\dot{V}\hbox{O}_{\rm 2max}).$$ This approach is based on two assumptions:...

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Economy and efficiency of swimming at the surface with fins of different size and stiffness

Paola Zamparo, David R. Pendergast, Albert Termin, Alberto E. Minetti

European Journal of Applied Physiology > 2006 > 96 > 4 > 459-470

The aim of this study was to investigate how fins with varying physical characteristics affect the energy cost and the efficiency of aquatic locomotion. Experiments were performed on ten college swimmers who were asked to swim the dolphin kick while using a monofin (MF) and to swim the front crawl kick with a small-flexible fin (SF), a large-stiff fin (LS) and without fins (BF, barefoot). The energy...

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Effects of age and gender on the propelling efficiency of the arm stroke

Paola Zamparo

European Journal of Applied Physiology > 2006 > 97 > 1 > 52-58

The propelling efficiency of the arm stroke (η _P) was estimated in a group of 63 male and female subjects (9–59 years of age) of good technical skill, swimming the front crawl at sub-maximal speeds. η _P was calculated on the basis of values of speed (v), stroke frequency (SF) and shoulder-to-hand distance (l, calculated from measures of arm length and elbow angle during the in-sweep) as proposed by...

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Mechanical efficiency of cycling with a new developed pedal-crank

Paola Zamparo, Alberto E. Minetti, Pietro E. di Prampero

Journal of Biomechanics > 2002 > 35 > 10 > 1387-1398

The mechanical efficiency of cycling with a new pedal-crank prototype (PP) was investigated during an incremental test on a stationary cycloergometer. The efficiency values were compared with those obtained, in the same experimental conditions and with the same subjects, by using a standard pedal-crank system (SP). The main feature of this prototype is that its pedal-crank length changes as a function...

INFONA - science communication portal

Search results for: Paola Zamparo

Characterization of the in vivo transient responses of the femoral cartilage by means of quantitative ultrasound imaging techniques

Muscle shape changes in Parkinson's disease impair function during rapid contractions

The interplay between gastrocnemius medialis force–length and force–velocity potentials, cumulative EMG activity and energy cost at speeds above and below the walk to run transition speed

Influence of muscle‐belly and tendon gearing on the energy cost of human walking

Mechanical work as a (key) determinant of energy cost in human locomotion: recent findings and future directions

Gastrocnemius Medialis and Vastus Lateralis in vivo muscle‐tendon behavior during running at increasing speeds

Comprehensive mechanical power analysis in sprint running acceleration

Interactive footsteps sounds modulate the sense of effort without affecting the kinematics and metabolic parameters during treadmill-walking

Water-based training enhances both physical capacities and body composition in healthy young adult women

Mechanical work and efficiency of 5 + 5 m shuttle running

Planimetric frontal area in the four swimming strokes: Implications for drag, energetics and speed

Energetics (and kinematics) of short shuttle runs

Biomechanical and energetic determinants of technique selection in classical cross-country skiing

Anaerobic alactic energy assessment in middle distance swimming

Different methods for monitoring intensity during water-based aerobic exercises

An energy balance of the 200 m front crawl race

The critical velocity in swimming

Economy and efficiency of swimming at the surface with fins of different size and stiffness

Effects of age and gender on the propelling efficiency of the arm stroke

Mechanical efficiency of cycling with a new developed pedal-crank

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