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The development of an effective influenza vaccine is urgently important for controlling outbreaks of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and reducing the impact of pandemics. The use of an adjuvant in such a vaccine can significantly contribute to improve the immunogenicity. To explore a novel and safe adjuvant for improving the potency of influenza vaccines, platycodin D (1), a saponin...
Immunostimulatory complexes (ISCOMs) are particulate antigen delivery systems composed of antigen, cholesterol, phospholipid and saponin, while ISCOMATRIX™ is a particulate adjuvant comprising cholesterol, phospholipid and saponin but without antigen. The combination of an antigen with ISCOMATRIX™ is called an ISCOMATRIX™ vaccine. ISCOMs and ISCOMATRIX™ combine the advantages of a particulate carrier...
Saponins are natural glycosides of steroid or triterpene which exhibited many different biological and pharmacological activities. Notably, saponins can also activate the mammalian immune system, which have led to significant interest in their potential as vaccine adjuvants. The most widely used saponin-based adjuvants are Quil A and its derivatives QS-21, isolated from the bark of Quillaja saponaria...
The ideal adjuvants for hepatitis B vaccines should be capable of eliciting both strong humoral and cellular immune responses, especially Th1 cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. However, Alum used as adjuvants in the hepatitis B vaccines currently commercialized offers limitation in inducing cell-mediated response. Therefore, a less hemolytic saponin platycodin D (PD) from the root of...
Platycodin D2 (PD2), a saponin isolated from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum, was evaluated for its haemolytic activity and adjuvant potential on the cellular and humoral immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA) in ICR mice. The HD 50 values of PD2 and Quil A were 18.57±1.37 and 5.76±0.23 μg/ml against 0.5% rabbit red blood cell, respectively, implicating the less haemolytic activity for PD2...
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