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Introduction
Immunosuppression after chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation or solid organ transplantation are the main risk factors for invasive fungal infections in Austria. Here, we aim to describe the status of laboratory mycology and the access to antifungal treatment in Austria.
Methods
Between October and November 2021, hospitals were contacted to participate in our online survey: www.clinicalsurveys...
Background & Aims
On a global scale, liver cirrhosis is attributable to ~1 million deaths per year. This systemic disease comes along with diverse sequelae, including microbiota alterations, increased gut permeability and translocation of microbial components into the systemic circulation. Alongside the extensively studied influence of bacterial translocation and its host–pathogen interactions,...
Background
Antifungal stewardship (AFS) has emerged as an important component of quality in managing invasive fungal infections (IFIs), and cost‐benefit calculations suggest regular training in AFS is well worth the effort.
Methods
This review will discuss the most common IFIs in solid organ transplantation (SOT)‐recipients, how to diagnose them, and current recommendations for antifungal treatment...
Background
Galactomannan Enzyme Immunoassay (GM‐EIA) is proved to be a cornerstone in the diagnosis of COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), its use is limited in middle and low‐income countries, where the application of simple and rapid test, including Galactomannan Lateral Flow Assay (GM‐LFA), is highly appreciated. Despite such merits, limited studies directly compared GM‐LFA with...
Background
The incidence of Aspergillus and Candida CNS infection, which are characterised by high mortality rates, is underestimated. This underdiagnosis presumably results from the limitations of available diagnostic tools and the need for invasive sampling. Little is known about the role of serologic biomarkers in the setting of CNS aspergillosis and candidiasis.
Patients, materials and methods:...
Biological sex, which comprises differences in host sex hormone homeostasis and immune responses, can have a substantial impact on the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Comprehensive data on sex distributions in invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are lacking. In this review, we performed a literature search of in vitro/animal studies, clinical studies, systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of invasive...
Background
Detection of galactomannan (GM) from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) or serum is broadly used for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA), although the sensitivity of GM from serum is lower in non‐neutropenic patients. We evaluated the Aspergillus galactomannan Lateral Flow assay (LFA) with digital readout from serum in a mixed cohort of patients.
Methods
We performed a retrospective...
Reports are increasing on the emergence of COVID‐19–associated mucormycosis (CAM) globally, driven particularly by low‐ and middle‐income countries. The recent unprecedented surge of CAM in India has drawn worldwide attention. More than 28,252 mucormycosis cases are counted and India is the first country where mucormycosis has been declared a notifiable disease. However, misconception of management,...
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is an increasingly recognised phenomenon in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit, including in patients with severe influenza and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection. To date, there are no consensus criteria on how to define IA in the ICU population, although several criteria are used, including the AspICU criteria and new consensus criteria...
Background
(1‐3)‐b‐D‐glucan (BDG) is a fungal cell wall component and, in the absence of invasive fungal infection, a novel biomarker for microbial translocation of endogenous fungal products from the gastrointestinal tract into systemic circulation. However, its value as a marker of fungal translocation is limited by a concern that plant BDG‐rich food influences blood BDG levels.
Methods
We conducted...
The epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in immunocompromised individuals has changed over the last few decades, partially due to the increased use of antifungal agents to prevent IFIs. Although this strategy has resulted in an overall reduction in IFIs, a subset of patients develop breakthrough IFIs with substantial morbidity and mortality in this population. Here, we review the most...
Objectives
Difficult‐to‐treat invasive fungal infections require infectious diseases expert consultation to improve treatment outcome and increase survival rates.
Methods
The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) intends to provide expert help free of charge by a newly founded ECMM Expert Consultation Service for medical centres around the globe seeking advice when there is no fungal...
Background
Coccidioides spp. are dimorphic fungi endemic to parts of the United States, Mexico, Central and South America. Infection can cause a range of disease from self‐limited acute pneumonia to severe disseminated disease.
Methods
We performed a retrospective chart review of medical records of cases of culture‐proven acute coccidioidomycosis at the University of California San Diego between...
Objectives
Invasive fungal infections caused by Lomentospora prolificans are associated with very high mortality rates and can be challenging to treat given pan‐drug resistance to available antifungal agents. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and outcomes in a cohort of patients with invasive L prolificans infections.
Methods
We performed a retrospective review...
Most African countries have poorly funded and overburdened health systems. Additionally, a high prevalence of HIV in Sub‐Saharan Africa contributes to a high burden of opportunistic fungal infections. Data generated by GAFFI from 15 of 57 African countries revealed that an estimated 47 million Africans suffer from fungal diseases, of whom an estimated 1.7 million suffer from a serious fungal infection...
Background
The new Rasamsonia spp. complex can develop invasive infection in immunosuppression or chronic pulmonary disease. It has potential to be misidentified as other genera due to morphological similarities. Nowadays, there is a gap of knowledge on this fungi.
Objectives
To provide knowledge base of risk factors and therapeutic decisions in invasive Rasamsonia spp. complex infection.
Patients/Methods...
Background
Recent outbreaks of Candida auris further exemplify that invasive Candida infections are a substantial threat to patients and healthcare systems. Even short treatment delays are associated with higher mortality rates. Epidemiological shifts towards more resistant Candida spp. require careful surveillance.
Objectives
Triggered by the emergence of C auris and by increasing antifungal resistance...
Breakthrough invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have emerged as a significant problem in patients receiving systemic antifungals; however, consensus criteria for defining breakthrough IFI are missing. This position paper establishes broadly applicable definitions of breakthrough IFI for clinical research. Representatives of the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium (MSG‐ERC) and the...
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