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Previous studies have proved that commercial, off-the-shelf, geodetic-quality Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers can monitor water level using multipath interferometric characteristics from the sea surface. A Lomb–Scargle periodogram (LSP) is typically used to extract the multipath frequency from the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which relates to the vertical distance between the antenna phase...
The expansion of research and applications involving global navigation satellite systems, e.g., the Global Positioning System (GPS), has revealed multipath errors. Discrete wavelet decomposition can reduce the noise of a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) series, and the detailed coefficient of the wavelet decomposition at a specific level can be fitted to the SNR series. Therefore, we present a method to...
Accurate and long-term monitoring of soil moisture is of great significance for global water and carbon cycles. The soil moisture variation estimated from GPS-IR (GPS-InterferometricReflectometry) overcomes some drawbacks of traditional ways, and has become an important topic. Changes in the permittivity of the soil, which are associated with fluctuations in soil moisture, affect the effective frequency,...
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