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Nanotechnology opens an enormous scope of novel application in the fields of biotechnology and agricultural industries, because nanoparticles (NPs) have unique physicochemical properties, i.e. high surface area, high reactivity, tunable pore size and particle morphology. Present study was carried out to determine the role of silver NPs (SNPs) to improve yield of Pisum sativum L. SNPs (10–100 nm) were...
This paper proposes a Higher Order Sliding Mode (HOSM) based control algorithm for air intake circuit of diesel engine. The current diesel engine is a complex system that has mechanisms like Variable Geometry Turbo charger (VGT), Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) to limit the amount of exhaust emissions. Since both VGT and EGR flows are driven by the exhaust gases, there is a strong coupling between...
Critical frequency of F2 layer acquired by three ionosonde stations, Karachi (KHI, 24.95°N, 67.13°E), Multan (MUL, 30.18°N, 71.48°E) & Islamabad (ISL, 33.75°N, 73.13°E), in Pakistan has been compared with foF2 obtained from global ionospheric model IRI-2012 and computed from regional ionospheric model using higher terms of Emperical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) during summer (July). The data has...
The technological development of inexpensive GPS receivers has enabled a new realm of applications for embedded sensing systems. The availability of location information allows these sensing system to study the motion trajectories of humans, animals, and objects. The storage of the collected trajectory data, however, represents a challenge for constrained devices with limited memory. In fact, external...
Meetings are an integral part of the work place and society in general. Research in Computer Supported Cooperative Work attempts to facilitate and make the process of meetings more effective. Our vision is that the incorporation of social robots in such human-human collaborative settings can assist and improve the effectiveness of a meeting. In this paper we present an empirical study in which pairs...
The feedback (direct) field-oriented (vector) control is the most commonly adopted instantaneous speed/torque control method for the hybrid electric vehicle's drive system. The feedback (direct) field-oriented (vector) control of induction machines primarily depends upon precise flux estimation. However, an accurate estimation of flux is hard due to the deviations in the machine's electrical parameters...
The ongoing success of smartphones and tablet computers, combined with the widespread deployment of cellular network infrastructure, has paved the way for ubiquitous Internet access. Access to mobile services has become a commodity for many commuters on public transport vehicles. On their daily trips to work and back, however, people often experience varying throughput rates due to the different capacities...
Low-power compact sensor nodes are being increasingly used to collect trajectory data from moving objects such as wildlife. The size of this data can easily overwhelm the data storage available on these nodes. Moreover, the transmission of this extensive data over the wireless channel may prove to be difficult. The memory and energy constraints of these platforms underscores the need for lightweight...
Aerial Wireless Sensor Networks (AWSNs) are being increasingly used in search and rescue operations for locating victims stranded in disaster areas. The primary objective of such missions is to locate the victims as quickly as possible. As such, determining the optimal flight path for UAVs is very important. In this paper, we solve the coverage problem while optimising the time to find victim when...
DC motors have been extensively used in many industrial applications for their accurate, simple and continuous control characteristics. This paper addresses the controlling of the speed of DC motor which remains among the vital issues. It presents sliding mode control, integral sliding mode control and dynamic sliding mode control methods to control the speed of DC motors. Also the merits and demerits...
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