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Corresponding to low targeting accuracy due to tissue deformation during the process of electrode insertion in sub-thalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (DBS), biomechanical properties of brain tissue are essential to investigate. Elastic and viscoelastic biomechanical properties in post-puncture are investigated by indentation-relaxation experiment. In this paper the flat indenter with a diameter...
Considering a two-layer service supply chain consisting of a service provider and a service integrator, and given service demand is influenced by both price and advertising level, mathematical models of decentralized service supply chain, centralized service supply chain and modified decentralized service supply chain based on cost sharing contract are built. Comparing the optimal decisions of the...
The simulation of the aggregation phase of the development of Dictyostelium discoideum with mathematical and physical methods, has been an important topic in the researching of biological pattern formation for a long time. The aggregation is mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Some experiments have shown that the cells respond primarily to the leading edge of the camp wave. That is,...
The methodology of modeling and analyzing of a knowledge network are discussed in this article. Two steps will be taken to establish the model of a knowledge network for a scientific organization. Based no the network model, the density, betweenness centrality and structure expression analysis will be conducted. The calculation result of the density provides an objective indicator for the researchers...
In the current US day-ahead electricity markets, auction is complicated because of the existence of both discrete variables and continuous variables, which implies that there may be no linear prices to support equilibrium. To meet the system demand, the Independent System Operator (ISO) uses lump sum “uplift payments” to make generators follow its schedule. However, these uplift payments are opaque...
In current U.S. deregulated wholesale electricity markets, an auction mechanism that minimizes the total bid cost is used to select bids and their output levels. Energy market clearing prices (MCPs) are derived from the shadow prices associated with the system demand constraints in an economic dispatch process with fixed unit commitment status. Therefore they do not reflect no-load and start-up costs,...
Based on the market adaptability of train service plan, this paper analyzes the influencing factors which show out service level. Through the analysis, a model for choosing train services plans based on incomplete qualitative information is built, which is applied in the Beijing-Tianjin intercity railway line as a case study. It is proved that train services plans can be compared by the model according...
Based on the characteristics of operation mode for systems of intercity railway lines, this paper analyzes the dynamic relationship between passenger flow and train service plan. The dynamic relationship is described by using mathematical methods in terms of the close correlation between properties of transport products and technical indicators of train service plan. A real-life instance of Beijing-Tianjin...
A regional scale examination of the effects of land use change on the terrestrial carbon budgets of New England from 1700 to 2100 indicates New England has been a carbon sink since about 1900 because of agricultural land abandonment that began in the mid 1800s and subsequent forest regrowth. However, recent land use change for new development has resulted in forest loss in New England, reversing the...
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