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In this work, nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) powders doped with rare earth ion (Nd3+) were prepared by sol-gel process via ultrasonic irradiation. The frequency of ultrasonic was 20 kHz. The nanocrystalline powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) which has been widely used to investigate the...
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