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In this study, lignite was degraded using a purified esterase from Penicillium decumbens P6 for the first time. The esterase was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The recovery and purification yield of the enzyme were 15% and 83 folds, respectively. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was about 45 kDa. Both crude and purified esterases...
Fine particles are significantly harmful to the human body and the atmospheric environment. However, the electrostatic precipitator (ESP) removal efficiency for PM2.5 is low, therefore chemical agglomeration technology, which uses various chemical agents to induce particle agglomeration, improving the efficiency of ESP seems to be a promising pretreatment technology. In the present contribution a...
This paper presents a method for correlating the octane numbers of fuel mixtures, and applies this to the study of toluene reference fuels (TRFs) blended with ethanol. This method combines linear regression and exhaustive (or brute-force) searching for optimal Scheffé polynomials, where optimality is defined as the shortest polynomial that meets a reasonable estimate of the reproducibility limits...
The pure SnO2 and rare earth metal (Y and La)-doped SnO2 were synthesized using a co-precipitation method for the simultaneous removal of COS and H2S from hot syngas at 350°C. The pure SnO2 sorbent exhibited a poor catalytic hydrolysis effect for COS conversion at moderate temperatures of 300–400°C due to the formation of SnS during the desulfurization. SnS caused a decrease in the COS conversion...
Acids, aldehydes, and phenols have negative effects on the properties of bio-oil. In this paper, n-butanal, acetic acid, and phenol were selected as model compounds of aldehydes, acids, and phenols, respectively. To convert these compounds into stable and combustible oxygenated organics (alcohols and esters), separate hydrogenation–esterification (SHE) of n-butanal, phenol, and acetic acid was carried...
This paper reports the Research (RON) and Motor (MON) Octane Numbers of ethanol blended with production gasoline, four gasoline surrogates, n-heptane, isooctane and toluene. The ethanol concentration was varied from zero to 100%, resulting in a clear picture of the variations of the RONs and MONs in all cases. Of initial interest are the RONs and MONs of ethanol blended with an Australian production...
This paper presents an experimental study of the Research (RON) and Motor (MON) octane numbers of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). A comprehensive set of RON and MON data for mixtures of propane, propylene (propene), n-butane and iso-butane are presented, using a method that is consistent with the currently active ASTM Research and Motor test methods for liquid fuels. Empirical models which relate LPG...
The effects of reaction conditions, including the initial hydrogen pressures (0.5MPa, 2.0MPa), the mass ratios of ethanol to bio-oil (5:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1) and reaction temperatures (260°C, 280°C, 300°C) on catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil were investigated in this work. Experiments were carried out in supercritical ethanol with bifunctional 5%Pt/SO42-/ZrO2/SBA-15 catalyst. The physical...
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