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This study clarifies how network structures in multiplex networks affect the emerging cooperative behavior among individuals. For this purpose, we conduct experiments of prisoner's dilemma on multiplex networks that are composed of two layers. Each layer is selected from three networks: a random network, small-world network, and scale-free network. We find that cooperative behavior emerges only in...
A total of 39 Bacillus thuringiensis isolates were recovered from 38 leaves collected from 5- to 10-m-high canopies of 8 micro-/meso-phanerophyte species in a lucidophyllous forest of Japan. B.thuringiensis-positive leaves accounted for 1.4% of a total of 2805 leaves from 15 tree species. The frequency of the organism was 0.8% among the Bacillus cereus/B. thuringiensis group. Of 39 isolates obtained,...
Parasporin, a Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal protein, is unique in having a strong cytocidal activity preferential for human cancer cells. In this study, we characterized parasporin activities associated with three novel geographical isolates of B.thuringiensis. Parasporal inclusion proteins of the three isolates were highly toxic to human uterus cervix cancer cells (HeLa), but not to non-cancer...
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