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Wind energy installed power worldwide reached 350.000 MW in 2015 with strong prospects to grow notably in the next 20 years. The cases of E.U. and of Denmark are illustrated. Electric generators and their power electronics control represent an important part of any wind energy conversion system, besides the turbine, tower and auxiliary electrical equipment. Large wind generator transmission stages...
This paper presents a single-phase double saliency motor, with ferrite magnets in the stator, applied to compressor for household appliances (up to 100 W). It was designed and optimized focused on efficiency, cost and manufacturability.
While field oriented control (FOC) and direct torque and flux control (DTFC) have been established as mature technologies for high performance a.c. motor variable speed drives, scalar (V/f and I-f) control is sufficient for general sensorless, lower cost, a.c. motor drives in applications such as pumps, compressors, ventilators, which constitute the majority in terms of installed power. The present...
The recent steep increase in high energy Permanent Magnet (PM) price (above 130$/kg and more) triggered already strong R&D efforts to develop wind generators with less PMs (less weight in NdFeB magnets/kW or the use of ferrite PMs) or fully without PMs. All these by optimizing existing dc excited synchronous generators, by doubly-fed (wound rotor) induction and cage induction generators and by...
The aim of this paper is to introduce — by general analytical nonlinear and then optimal design with vector control a hybrid electric and electric vehicles (HEV/EV) electric propulsion system for 50/100 kW, 1350–7000 rpm (600 Nm peak torque/40 kg) at above 91% overall efficiency 300 Vdc battery for a peak phase current of 520 A. After searching quite a few alternative electric machines the low weight...
Low power high efficiency permanent magnet synchronous motor drives are needed for better home appliances. As the price of sintered (high energy NdFeB magnets) used for the scope so far has risen spectacularly in the last two-three years, the economics of their use to such high efficiency applications is in question. The present paper is investigating in comparison NdFeB surface rotor versus Ferrite...
In an effort to introduce a low cost (PM less), low power electric wind generator, this paper reports on preliminary design aspects and FEM analysis of a 3kW, 200 rpm, BLDC Multiple Phase Reluctance generator. After checking the degree of saturation at maximum imposed current density (a quite low value due to natural cooling conditions) and the obtainable electromagnetic torque, normal and transient...
In an yet another effort to produce better PM-less rotor-winding-less, brushless electric motor drives, the present paper reports on preliminary work related to multiphase (m=6) high saliency rotor, dual-flat-top alternative current control BLDC reluctance machine drives. The aim is to produce high torque density, low loss/torque in a PM-less, rotor winding-less machine by full usage of machine windings...
Several configurations of resonant linear permanent magnet (PM) oscillomotors have been proposed lately for different devices. Higher efficiency for competitive costs and weight, in comparison with rotary actuators containing rotary to linear transmission, can be secured by operation at resonance (mechanical eigenfrequency is equal to electrical frequency). This study proposes a closed-loop position...
This paper contains the analysis of a new flux reversal machine (FRM) configuration, designed for low speed (below 150 rpm). The machine consists of two stators, of which the outer one is fitted with a three-phase fractionary winding and the rotor carries alternate polarity permanent magnets placed for heavy flux concentration. The inner stator is slotted, but passive. The results of the finite element...
The paper presents a “hardware in the loop” emulator for a wind turbine system, used to tune and test in the laboratory the generator and the associate power electronics and control. The emulator includes: a Matlab/Simulink model of the wind turbine, an a.c. drive with direct torque control (the wind turbine equivalent) coupled with the real generator and the corresponding load. Digital simulations...
On the growing market of home appliances, the choice of the right motor is very challenging. What once was the field of universal motors became a fertile territory for PMSMs, especially at medium to high speeds. In this paper, a case study design (150W, 15000 rpm, 6/4 PMSM) illustrates the comparison of two hybrid analytical/ FEM optimal design methods, modified Hooke-Jeeves and Artificial Bee Colony...
This paper presents two control strategies for the sensorless vector control of permanent magnet reluctance synchronous motor (PM-RSM) in a wide speed range: the zero q-axis flux control and an approximate maximum torque per current control. The approximate maximum torque per current control is a novel torque - dq current referencer which is capable to develop maximum available motor toque for an...
Field oriented (FOC) and direct torque and flux (DTFC) control of AC drives are credited with fast torque response, but, in general purpose sensorless AC drives, the on-line software and hardware control effort and their reliability may seem prohibitive for general applications or, at least for synchronous motors, a starting strategy is necessary. The present paper presents a novel class of V/f sensorless...
The performance of two optimal design methods, Hooke Jeeves and, respectively, genetic algorithms, are compared in terms of performance and computation time effort in an exercise design of induction machine for air conditioning drives in automotive applications. Both methods use a global cost function that could be balanced, between initial active material cost or their total weight and motor efficiency,...
This paper presents an improved topology of BLDC motor drive with a DC-DC Converter in the DC link and a combined Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. The goal is to separate the speed control and inverter commutation, in order to reduce switching losses and the inverter size and cost. Digital simulations of the proposed drive are performed with position sensors...
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