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Water is an essential resource in the world and currently household drinking water is an important asset to save the life due to shortage of water in the earth. This paper describes the design and development process of an automatic control system for tap water using floatless water level sensor which can save wastage of water without the presence of any operator physically. This sensing system utilizes...
The key features of this manuscript include a hybrid design of a square-core octagonal-lattice photonic crystal fibre with only circular air holes that exhibits high birefringence and broadband dispersion compensation covering the E, S, C, L, and U communication bands (1360–1675nm) and a statistical comparison of the proposed design with some other recently proposed designs. A numerical simulation...
In transmission media the Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are highly suitable for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems. This paper exhibit a Hexagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber (H-PCF) that mention simultaneously high birefringence, large nonlinearity and high negative dispersion. The proposed H-PCFs shows a large negative dispersion coefficient of about −188 to −435 ps/(nm.km) over E and U-bands...
This paper presents the proposal of a hybrid cladding photonic crystal fiber offering flat dispersion and low confinement operating in the Telecom bands. Simulation results reveal that near zero ultra flattened dispersion of 0 ± 1.20 ps/(nm.km) is obtained in a 1.25 to 1.70 μm wavelength range i.e. 450 nm flat band along with low confinement losses which is less than 10−2 dB/km at operating wavelength...
This paper presents a microstructure optical fiber based on an hexagonal structure for dispersion compensation in a wideband transmission system. According to simulation, negative dispersion coefficient of − 562 ps/(nm.km) and relative dispersion slope (RDS) close to that of single mode fiber (SMF) of about 0.0036 nm−1 is obtained at 1550 nm wavelength. Besides the proposed hexagonal microstructure...
This paper presents a microstructure optical fiber based on an octagonal structure for dispersion compensation in a wide range of wavelengths. It is shown theoretically that it is possible to obtain negative dispersion coefficient of − 821 ps/(nm.km) and relative dispersion slope (RDS) close to that of single mode fiber (SMF) of about 0.0036 nm−1 at 1550 nm wavelength. Besides the proposed octagonal...
In this paper we propose a defected core Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) having circular lattice that ensures Residual Dispersion Slope (RDS) matched negative dispersion covering S+C+L communication bands with high birefringence for sensing purpose. The results show that this PCF has an average value of negative dispersion of −331 ps/nm-km & offers high birefringence of 2.75×10−2 with relative dispersion...
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