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A distributed system is a collection of computers. These computers can work together, but all systems are independent. A leader's election is a basic necessity for distributed systems. When a system is chosen as a leader, it should operate as a system's management; make final decisions and the like. In this paper we describe a distributed system and models of it, explain the famous leader election...
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have opened a new window for fresh ideas and thoughts to be converted to reality and to assist in making better use of mobile communication implemented with mobility models. For instance, Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), a subset of MANETs, is used in vehicular connectivity such as Car-to-Car and Car-to-Internet and Infrastructure. Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector...
Mobile Nodes (MN) in Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) are given the opportunity to eliminate triangle routing that is inefficient with their own corresponding node (CN) using Route Optimisation (RO). This greatly improves the performance of the network. Unfortunately, using this method allows several security vulnerabilities to manifest itself with the MIPv6. Among those, common issues are those concerns the verification...
Since mobile device technology has emerged, users expect to experience more convenience and higher safety in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). VANETs comprise a special subclass of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). The topology frequently changes, encountering frequent disconnection. Hence, designing a feasible routing protocol is challenging. Such protocol is known as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and...
One of the main criteria in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) that has attracted the researchers' consideration is congestion control. Accordingly, many algorithms have been proposed to alleviate the congestion problem, although it is hard to find an appropriate algorithm for applications and safety messages among them. Safety messages encompass beacons and event-driven messages. Delay and reliability...
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