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In this paper an analytical procedure for the preliminary design of a high-speed ferrite-based brushless dc machine (HS-BLDC) has been proposed. In particular, mechanical and electromagnetic modeling have been developed in order to take into account their mutual influence in the definition of the geometry of the electrical machine. In addition, suitable design targets have been imposed in accordance...
The paper presents an accurate efficiency assessment of a novel Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) to be employed in a High-Speed Flywheel Energy Storage System (HS-FESS). Particularly, the proposed machine configuration aims to minimize core losses by reducing the overall amount of steel. In this regard, some of the specific design solutions adopted are introduced and briefly discussed....
This paper presents an extensive EMC analysis of the pacing activity of an Implantable Cardiac Medical Device (ICMD), namely an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD). The proposed procedure (Pacing Counter, PC) consists of monitoring the pacing activity of the ICD under test continuously, by counting the number of pacing events occurring over a given time horizon. As a result, their variations...
In the present paper an analytic procedure for the preliminary design of a High-Speed ferrite-based Brushless DC Machine (HS-BLDC) has been proposed. In particular, a mechanical and electromagnetic modeling has been developed in order to take into account their mutual influence in the definition of the geometry of the electrical machine. In addition, suitable design targets have been imposed in accordance...
In this paper, the design criteria and an extensive losses analysis of a novel High-Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (HS-PMSM) is presented. The proposed machine topology has been designed for a Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) with the aim of optimizing the integration between the flywheel and the HS-PMSM rotor, minimizing the overall losses at the same time. Thus, the conceptual design...
This paper presents the design and electromagnetic characterization of a Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS) for an impedance cardiometry (ICARD). The proposed SMPS consists of a flyback converter, which best match the several application requirements (galvanic isolation, compactness, multi-output and/or multi-input, simple construction, etc.). Two different flyback prototypes have been thus designed...
A novel Space Vector Control (SVC) for Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Machines (PMBDCMs) is presented in this paper. It is developed on a novel synchronous reference frame, which is defined in accordance with the trapezoidal shapes of PMBDCM back-emfs. As a result, field and torque current components can be identified clearly, based on which optimal reference currents can be determined. The novel synchronous...
A circuital and mathematical modelling of flyback converters is presented in this paper. It accounts for many parasitic elements of each flyback devices, among which transformer leakage inductances and junction capacitances of semiconductor devices. An equivalent circuital representation of the flyback converter is introduced at first, based on which a suitable mathematical model is determined. This...
An efficiency analysis of different configurations of Electric Propulsion Systems (EPSs) is presented in this paper. Particularly, three different Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs) have been considered as the electric motor, which are characterized by different speed operating ranges and constant-power speed regions. In addition, four transmission systems are introduced and briefly described,...
In order to improve the power quality of renewable energy-based microgrids when unbalanced non-linear loads and generations occur, the integration of active filter functions into energy storage systems has been investigated. A four-leg voltage-source inverter supplied by a lithium iron phosphate battery has been considered. A control system, aimed to integrate the battery energy management with the...
A novel current control strategy for Brushless DC machines (BLDCs) is presented in this paper. It aims to increase BLDC exploitation compared to conventional current commutation (two-phase-on) and three-phase-on control approaches. The proposed current control strategy consists in injecting a suitable zero-sequence current in order to exploit the BLDC zero-sequence back-emfs. Thus, increased torque...
In the present paper the electro-mechanical model of an electric vehicle suitable for battery energy management systems has been presented. In order to verify its accuracy, the comparison between the experimental and simulation results has been carried out. Particularly, the energy battery estimation of a Smart Fortwo electric vehicle has been developed. The electromechanical model describing the...
A novel Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) for Electric Vehicles (EVs) is proposed in this paper. It consists of a battery pack and an ultra-capacitor module (UC), which are suitably coupled through a Three-Level Neutral-Point Clamped Converter (NPC). Particularly, although the UC is integrated within the DC-link, its voltage can be varied within a wide range, thus assuring its full exploitation...
A novel Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs) is proposed in this paper. It consists of choosing a number of MPC cost functions appropriately, in accordance with PMSM control strategy and torque requirements. These are then minimized following an appropriate order of priority, thus enabling enhanced MPC performances and flexibility compared to those...
An Automatic Sensing Test procedure (AST) for evaluating the sensing performances of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs) is presented in this paper. AST is based on the Sensitivity Test described by the Standard CEI EN 45502-2-1 for pacemakers and consists of determining the ICD sensing thresholds at different heartbeat frequencies. Consequently, an extensive evaluation of ICD sensing performances...
In the present paper a novel approach for determining the charging profile of Electric Vehicles (EVs) suitable for their integration into microgrids is presented. The main goal of the proposed control strategy is to define the optimal daily charging profile of each EV in order to increase microgrid autonomy. This goal is achieved by means of the optimal control theory, taking into account all system...
In this paper, a performance analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs) for High-Speed Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (HS-FESSs) to be employed in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles is presented. It aims to identify optimal speed ranges, within which HS-FESS performances can be appropriately maximized, especially in terms of efficiency. Thus, a modeling of PMSM operating constraints...
An analysis of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) between a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) device and an Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD) is presented in this paper. In particular, the analysis focuses on the effects of EMI produced by an RFID reader on ICD operation. Thus, a brief overview of both ICD and RFID devices is presented at first. Subsequently, several experimental tests are...
A novel DC-link voltage and current control algorithm for Three-Level Neutral-Point-Clamped converters (NPCs) is proposed in this paper. It is developed with the aim of sharing the overall DC-link voltage among DC-link capacitors as needed, without impairing NPC load performances. The proposed algorithm consists of an external DC-link voltage control loop, which synthesizes an appropriate reference...
An average modeling approach for DC-DC power converters is presented in this paper. It allows the achievement of accurate averaged models of DC-DC converters, which account for dynamic and steady state operations, over both Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) and Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM). In particular, appropriate equivalent switching signals are introduced in order to account for each converter...
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