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A reduced toluene reference fuel (TRF, n-heptane, iso-octane and toluene)-polycyclic-aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) chemistry mechanism with 109 species and 543 reactions is proposed for combustion, PAH and soot formation predictions. The mechanism has been validated with shock tube ignition delays, laminar flame speeds, species profiles in premixed flames, and with homogeneous charge compression ignition...
The combustion and particle number (PN) emissions of a direct injection spark ignition engine (DISI) operating on ethanol/gasoline and n-butanol/gasoline blends with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) were studied in this paper. Firstly, the effect of EGR and fuel evaporation on charge cooling was investigated. The results indicate that both the addition of EGR and alcohol show evident charge cooling...
The effects of tumble combined with EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) on the combustion and emissions were experimentally investigated in a spark ignition engine in this study. A low pressure loop EGR system and a variable tumble valve in intake ports were employed, by which wide range of EGR ratio and tumble ratio could be achieved. All the tests were performed at part loads, and the equivalence ratio...
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