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Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are widely used in embedded systems. Timers play a pivotal role in PLC real-time applications. The formalisation of timers is of great importance. The study presents a formalisation of PLC timers in the theorem proving system Coq, in which the behaviours of timers are characterised by a set of axioms at an abstract level. The authors discuss how to model timers...
Validation is an important task in complex embedded system designs. A method of modelling and analysing embedded systems with programmable logic controllers is presented. Controllers and physical plants are modelled using timed automata. The system requirements are specified and formalised as computational tree logic properties. It is demonstrated that the designed model satisfies the required properties...
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