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This letter presents a novel topology of a Butler matrix, which can realize relatively flexible phase differences at the output ports. The proposed Butler matrix employs couplers with arbitrary phase-differences to replace quadrature couplers in the conventional Butler matrix. By controlling the phase differences of the applied couplers, the progressive phase differences among output ports...
In this paper, we present the system applications of planar couplers. A uni-planar 3dB 180° coupler with fully symmetrically allocated input and output ports is designed for this purpose. Different from the conventional rat-race coupler, it integrates a compact crossover with a modified conventional coupler to rearrange the Σ, Δ, coupling, and through ports of the 180° coupler. The full-wave electromagnetic...
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