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Internal winding faults of extra-high voltage (EHV) shunt reactors could be a serious threaten to the normal operation of power grid. Initial winding faults could develop into catastrophic failure, resulting in sudden outage of equipment and significant economic losses. It is necessary to implement online detection method to evaluate the status of properties. This paper proposed a practical method...
The transformer can be illuminated by the T-type equivalent circuit model. The primary and secondary leakage impedance characterizes the copper losses and the exciting impedance reflects iron-core losses. The iron-core losses and the copper losses can be obtained by open-circuit and short-circuit test. However, the copper losses of the primary winding and the secondary winding cannot be separated,...
After a long period of stagnancy for record cell efficiency and several years of growth of the industry, CdTe solar cell efficiency has been rapidly increasing recently. First Solar (FSLR) fabricated an 18.7% NREL certified cell at the end of 2012 and reports an increase to a certified 19.0% in this paper. Although the improvements were dominated by increases in short-circuit current and fill factor,...
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