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This study explores the at‐a‐station hydraulic geometry (AHG) for reaches with bridge collapse events. Eighteen reaches in Eastern United States, thirteen reaches in Appalachian Highland, and five reaches in Coastal Plain are examined. The methodology applied for retrieving AHG uses LiDAR (Light detection and ranging) data, and the study results are checked for both hydraulic and geomorphic consistency...
Escherichia coli possesses a number of specific K+ influx and efflux systems that maintain an appropriate intracellular K+ concentration. Although regulatory mechanisms have been identified for a number of these transport systems, the exact mechanism through which K+ concentration is sensed in the cell remains unknown. In this work we show that Kbp (K+ binding protein, formerly YgaU), a soluble 16-kDa...
A silver island film (SIF) substrate was used to demonstrate that Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence (MEF) is a powerful tool to enable detection of emission from (bio)molecules at very low concentrations. The experiments were carried out with the Fenna−Matthews−Olson (FMO) pigment-protein complex from the photosynthetic green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. FMO was diluted to a level, at which no...
IEEE 802.11-based backbone mesh networks comprise of static wireless mesh routers (WMRs) which create a wireless multihop backbone to provide high-speed last-mile wireless Internet access to communities. Specialized WMRs called gateways provide the interconnection between the mesh network and fixed IP networks. Mesh routers perform backhaul routing and may additionally serve as access points (APs)...
Wireless mesh access networks (WMANs) have become popular to provide 'last-mile' broadband wireless Internet access to large communities. Wireless mesh access networks comprise of powerful, dedicated routers which act as the backbone access networks for users. Wireless mesh access networks have neither mobility nor energy constraints as the routers act as fixed wireless access points for providing...
This paper presents the expected link performance (ELP) metric for finding high throughput, low delay paths in 802.11 mesh networks. ELP combines three different mechanisms to accurately determine the expected link performance. Link quality information is combined with cross-layered link interference estimation to select optimal paths. Simulation results show that ELP significantly outperforms both...
In this paper, we address the problem of route fragility in backhaul wireless mesh networks. Mesh routing protocols rely on intermediate nodes in the multihop path to forward data and detect route breakage. An intermediate node reports the link to next hop as broken after a fixed number of unsuccessful packet transmission attempts at the MAC layer. Transmission failure of a single packet on any link...
Wireless mesh networks offer promising solutions for extending the coverage of wireless local area networks along with increased communication reliability. The wireless mesh backbone serves as an access network for a large number of heterogeneous networks, providing them internet connectivity. Comprising of dedicated routers, the backbone differs significantly from conventional ad hoc networks due...
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