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Multiferroic materials, which have at least two different ferroic orders, have attracted much attention due to their interesting physics and potential applications.1 Ferroelectric, ferromagnetic and the magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effect between them is the focus of research.2,3 However, most of the discoveries are volatile and achieved with a large voltage.
The conventional protection scheme, including sequential components and wide differential area protection, may not be suitable for the FREEDM system mostly because of the unique characteristics of this new system. In this paper, the characteristics of FREEDM system are analyzed and a novel protection strategy, which makes full use of the system characteristics, is presented. This protection scheme...
The failure mechanisms of silicon nanowire field-effect transistors subject to electrostatic discharge (ESD) stresses are investigated using electrical characterization and microscopy analysis. Current-voltage measurements are carried out before and after the devices are stressed with ESD equivalent pulses generated from the transmission line pulsing (TLP) tester. Depending on the TLP stress level,...
To suppress charge injection at electrodes, direct fluorination using fluorine gas was used in linear low density polyethylene. High fluorination degree was obtained as indicated by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. Remarkable suppression of charge injection due to the surface fluorination was found by the space charge distribution measurements using the laser-induced pressure pulse...
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