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Detailed characterization of organic components in low-rank coals is essential for the utilization of coals in clean, effective and value-added ways. Two kinds of low-rank coals were subjected to sequential thermal dissolution in the order of cyclohexane, acetone, and methanol to obtain six soluble portions (SPs) from the coals. Two gas chromatographic systems, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry...
A Xinjiang subbituminous coal was directly oxidized in aqueous sodium hypochlorite and sequentially extracted with diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The extracts were esterified with diazomethane and the esterified products were analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer (HPLC/MS) equipped with atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) or electrospray ionization (ESI)...
An atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe (ASAP) was mounted on a commercial atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source with simple modifications. A series of coal-related model compounds (CRMCs) were analyzed using a time-of-flight mass spectrometry equipped with the ASAP ion source. The ionization mechanism and fragmentation pathways for CRMCs were investigated. The temperature of desolvation...
As a widely recommended alternative fuel for diesel engines, biodiesel has been proven to be useful for the reduction of emissions from diesel engines, especially particle emissions. Equipped with an on-board engine test bench and a portable emission measurement system designed for mobile tests, this work investigated the emission of a Euro III emission standard heavy-duty diesel engine fueled with...
Shengli lignite (SL) was pretreated in H 2 O 2 aqueous solution at 40°C for 4h to obtain pretreated SL (PTSL). Both the SL and PTSL were oxidized in NaOCl aqueous solution at 30 o C for 5h to investigate the effect of pretreatment (PT) on SL oxidation with NaOCl. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis shows that the PT with H 2 O 2 significantly increased...
Wheat straw (WS) was oxidized in a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) aqueous solution at 40°C followed by sequential extraction of the water-soluble fraction (WSF) with petroleum ether, carbon disulfide (CDS), diethyl ether and ethyl acetate (EA). The EA-inextractable solution was acidized and filtrated. The filtration was also sequentially extracted with the same series of solvents. In total, 38 organonitrogen...
Structural features of Shengli lignite (SL) were investigated through ruthenium ion-catalyzed oxidation and oxidations in aqueous hydrogen peroxide (AHPO) and sodium hypochlorite (ASHC) under mild conditions. The results suggest that SL is rich in condensed aromatic species and hydroxyl-, methoxy-, and/or methyl-substituted benzene rings, and –CH 2 CH 2 – is a dominant bridged linkage...
Vitrinite- and inertinite-rich samples separated from Shenfu-Dongsheng (SD) and Pingshuo (PS) coals were extracted with CS 2 and the extraction solutions were analyzed with GC/MS. The results show that extract yields of the two maceral-rich samples (MRSs) from PS coal are much higher than those from SD coal; for MRSs from the same coal, the yield of vitrinite-rich sample is larger than that...
Microwave-assisted hydroconversions of demineralized coal liquefaction residues (DCLRs) from Shenfu (SF) and Shengli coals were investigated using methanol or ethanol as the solvent for both reaction and extraction. The results show that the solubilities of hydroconverted DCLRs in methanol under 0.7MPa of initial hydrogen pressure (IHP) follow the order: non-catalytic hydroconversion=activated carbon-catalyzed...
An experimental study on co-pyrolysis of biomass and coal was performed in a free fall reactor under atmospheric pressure with nitrogen as balance gas. The coal sample selected was Dayan lignite, while the biomass used was legume straw. The operation temperature was over a range of 500–700°C, and the blending ratio of biomass in mixtures was varied between 0 and 100 wt.%. The results indicated that...
Three coal macerals with high purities were separated from Pingshuo gas coal. The formation rules of HCN and NH 3 during macerals pyrolysis and gasification were investigated. Experiments were carried out in a tubular quartz reactor at atmospheric pressure. The reactor allowed coal particles to be heated up rapidly and held for a prespecified period of time at a peak temperature. The amount...
Optimum conditions for pyrite removal from a high-sulfur coal by electrochemical reduction during flotation are determined by orthogonal experiments. The electrochemical reduction process of pure pyrite is examined with XRD, electrochemical and chemical analysis. The results show that the electrochemical reduction products of pyrite are FeS and S 2− . During this process, the reactions at...
The formation of HCN and NH 3 from the pyrolysis of a small set of Chinese and Australian coals were studied using a novel fluidised-bed/fixed-bed reactor and a fluidised-bed/tubular reactor. The fluidised-bed/fixed-bed reactor has some features of a fluidised-bed reactor and of a fixed-bed reactor, allowing the evaluation of the effects of coal properties on the formation of HCN and NH ...
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