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Search results for: Dirk Schulze-Makuch

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article

Perchlorate‐specific proteomic stress responses of Debaryomyces hansenii could enable microbial survival in Martian brines

Jacob Heinz, Joerg Doellinger, Deborah Maus, Andy Schneider, more

Environmental Microbiology > 24 > 11 > 5051 - 5065

If life exists on Mars, it would face several challenges including the presence of perchlorates, which destabilize biomacromolecules by inducing chaotropic stress. However, little is known about perchlorate toxicity for microorganisms on the cellular level. Here, we present the first proteomic investigation on the perchlorate‐specific stress responses of the halotolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii...

article

Long-lived volcanism within Argyre basin, Mars

Jean-Pierre Williams, James M. Dohm, Richard J. Soare, Jessica Flahaut, more

Icarus > 2017 > 293 > C > 8-26

The Argyre basin, one of the largest impact structures on Mars with a diameter >1200km, formed in the Early Noachian ∼3.93Ga. The basin has collected volatiles and other material through time, and experienced partial infilling with water evident from stratigraphic sequences, crater statistics, topography, and geomorphology. Although volcanism has not been previously associated with the Argyre basin,...

chapter

Petrolakes

Louis Neal Irwin, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Popular Astronomy > Cosmic Biology > 225-251

Saturn was the furthest planet from Earth in the known Solar System in 1655, and the crude telescopes available at the time revealed an enigma. At times, the planet looked like it had "handles" on either side, but at other times the handlelike bulges disappeared. Christiaan Huygens, born into a wealthy Dutch family of high status, was given an allowance by his father to do nothing but pursue...

chapter

Anticipating the Future

Louis Neal Irwin, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Popular Astronomy > Cosmic Biology > 295-309

Our material universe, as best we can tell, is around 13.7 billion years old. Our Solar System has existed for about a third of that time. Thus, the possibility that life has had much longer than we have had to evolve in other regions of the cosmos is obvious. But has it, and is it still there?

chapter

Fire and Ice

Louis Neal Irwin, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Popular Astronomy > Cosmic Biology > 201-223

Linda Morabito was four years out of college with a degree in astronomy when she became a navigation engineer for the Voyager mission. On 5 March 1979, Voyager 1 made its closest approach to lo, taking pictures that revealed a world utterly unlike any yet seen in the Solar System (Figure 9.1a).

chapter

Frozen Desert

Louis Neal Irwin, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Popular Astronomy > Cosmic Biology > 105-135

Looks can be deceiving. Every close-up picture of the surface of Mars has revealed what appears to be a barren, stony, still, and totally lifeless landscape (Figure 5.1). We do know the atmosphere is dynamic, since from a distance we can see that winds on Mars can get high enough to kick up global dust storms that last for weeks. For all we can tell, though, the surface lies frozen in lifeless immobility...

chapter

Rare Earths and Life Unseen

Louis Neal Irwin, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Popular Astronomy > Cosmic Biology > 1-14

Speculation that alien life might be found on other worlds can be traced to ancient times. Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo fed those thoughts by showing that the Earth is not the center of the universe. Once it was understood that our planet is just one of several rotating around a solar center, thoughts of other solar systems naturally arose. By 1584, Giordano Bruno was asserting that there must...

chapter

Life’s Fundamentals

Louis Neal Irwin, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Popular Astronomy > Cosmic Biology > 45-67

Now that we’ve talked about the source of solar systems, the nature of life, the relevance of chemistry, and the importance of energy, we need to think about how life can arise in an otherwise non-living world, then give rise to the interdependent web of organisms that constitute ecosystems. And we need to do so in a fairly general way, so our assumptions can apply throughout the great range of habitats...

chapter

Fire and Water

Louis Neal Irwin, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Popular Astronomy > Cosmic Biology > 69-104

Suppose there were two intelligent beings - let’s call them scientists - sitting on a planet orbiting Epsilon Eridani, a star just over 10 light years from Earth. They are writing a book about how life could evolve on other worlds. Their technology is a little more advanced than ours, but not by much. For example, they’ve developed powerful remote detection technologies that can gather a good bit...

chapter

Life, Chemistry, Action!

Louis Neal Irwin, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Popular Astronomy > Cosmic Biology > 15-44

Born from clumps of Stardust spinning around a central sun, the planets of our Solar System, like most planets in the universe, began their voyage through time with a rich mixture of chemistry and energy on board. From such a cauldron, life emerged on our planet Earth early, and diversified into the great variety of living organisms that cover the surface, fill the air, and saturate the soil and oceans...

chapter

Biocomplexity in the Cosmos

Louis Neal Irwin, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Popular Astronomy > Cosmic Biology > 273-294

Our survey of the possibilities for life in our Solar System has left us with the strong likelihood that ours is the only world with intelligent species, the only one on which at least one species has acquired technology, and quite possibly the only planet orbiting our Sun that hosts organisms of great size, complexity, and diversity. We will now turn to the question of why life with those characteristics...

chapter

Hell Fire and Brimstone

Louis Neal Irwin, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Popular Astronomy > Cosmic Biology > 137-152

On 15 December 1970, the Soviet lander, Venera 7, radioed good news and bad news back to Earth. The good news was that it had landed softly enough on the surface of Venus to still be intact and talking, the first man-made object to do so from the surface of another planet. The bad news was that, at a temperature of 470°C and an atmospheric pressure 90 times greater than on Earth, it wasn’t going to...

chapter

Suspended Animation

Louis Neal Irwin, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Popular Astronomy > Cosmic Biology > 153-172

The skies are cloudy on seven of the eight planets in our Solar System. They are thick and global on Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn. Uranus has hazy clouds, while those on Mars and Neptune are thin and wispy. Partly cloudy would be a more accurate description for the clouds on Earth, which are never global but can be locally thick and extensive. Because we know that the Earth's atmosphere is filled with...

chapter

Deep and Dark

Louis Neal Irwin, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Popular Astronomy > Cosmic Biology > 173-200

Europa is on everyone’s short list of destinations for finding life in the Solar System beyond Earth. This is because water is found there in abundance, almost surely in liquid form, protected from the harshness of space by a thick layer of ice. But the ice is restless, cracking continually and moving about in rafts and slabs that reflect the push and pull of gravity from Europa’s huge parent, Jupiter,...

chapter

Exotic Cocktails

Louis Neal Irwin, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Popular Astronomy > Cosmic Biology > 253-271

Every 175 years, the outer gas giants line up in a way that makes the shortest and most energetically efficient pathway from Earth to each of them possible. In the mid 1960s, when it was realized that this infrequent window would open up between 1976 and 1978, a grand tour of the outer planets and their satellites was planned for the robotic exploration that came to be known as the Voyager Mission.

book

Cosmic Biology

Louis Neal Irwin, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Popular Astronomy

It is very unlikely that little green humanoids are living on Mars. But what are the possible life forms that might exist in our Solar System and how might they have evolved? This uniquely authoritative and imaginative book on the possibilties for alien life addresses the intrinsic interest that we have about life on other worlds - reinforcing some of our assumptions and reshaping others. It introduces...

chapter

Autonomous exploration of planetary lava tubes using a multi-rover framework

Wolfgang Fink, Victor R. Baker, Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Christopher W. Hamilton, more

2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference > 1 - 9

2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference

Orbital photographic and remote sensing surveys of the Moon and Mars show evidence of lava tube formation. Lava tube caves, including collapsed tubes with skylights, are of enormous importance to geology and astrobiology because they (1) allow direct examination of bedrock, potentially including materials brought up from depths that are otherwise inaccessible from the surface; (2) provide good protection...

article

Mechanisms of Evolutionary Innovation Point to Genetic Control Logic as the Key Difference Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

William Bains, Dirk Schulze-Makuch

Journal of Molecular Evolution > 2015 > 81 > 1-2 > 34-53

The evolution of life from the simplest, original form to complex, intelligent animal life occurred through a number of key innovations. Here we present a new tool to analyze these key innovations by proposing that the process of evolutionary innovation may follow one of three underlying processes, namely a Random Walk, a Critical Path, or a Many Paths process, and in some instances may also constitute...

article

Adaptation of an Antarctic lichen to Martian niche conditions can occur within 34 days

Jean-Pierre de Vera, Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Afshin Khan, Andreas Lorek, more

Planetary and Space Science > 2014 > 98 > Complete > 182-190

Stresses occurring on the Martian surface were simulated in a Mars Simulation Chamber (MSC) and included high UV fluxes (Zarnecki and Catling, 2002), low temperatures, low water activity, high atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, and an atmospheric pressure of about 800Pa (Kasting, 1991; Head et al., 2003). The lichen Pleopsidium chlorophanum is an extremophile that lives in very cold, dry, high-altitude...

article

A cold hydrological system in Gale crater, Mars

Alberto G. Fairén, Chris R. Stokes, Neil S. Davies, Dirk Schulze-Makuch, more

Planetary and Space Science > 2014 > 93-94 > Complete > 101-118

Gale crater is a ~154-km-diameter impact crater formed during the Late Noachian/Early Hesperian at the dichotomy boundary on Mars. Here we describe potential evidence for ancient glacial, periglacial and fluvial (including glacio-fluvial) activity within Gale crater, and the former presence of ground ice and lakes. Our interpretations are derived from morphological observations using high-resolution...

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