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Servo motors are widely used in many industrial applications. These motors require precise control of acceleration, speed, and position. Different designs can be found in the literature. This paper will compare the response of two of the common types and will propose a new servo motor design that uses a smaller amount of magnet, lowering the price of the motor. The proposed motor would be able to...
Variable magnetization pattern machines (VMPMs) capable of dynamic changes in the magnetization pattern and magnitude are discussed in this paper. These machines can behave like brushless DC machines if they have a uniform magnetization pattern. If the magnetization pattern on the permanent magnet is shaped to be sinusoidal through a controlled demagnetizing process, they could behave like brushless...
Energy consumption and efficiency of electrical drives became an increasingly important issue. This issue encourages many researchers to develop new control techniques to reduce the energy consumption in electrical drives. Some of those techniques are more effective than others; some of them could save energy but will affect the response of the drive. DB-DTFC control has the fastest possible response,...
Back-EMF self-sensing is commonly used in induction machine (IM) drive systems. Deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) has also shown to be a highly effective method for IM control. At low speeds, accurate machine parameters are important for both DB-DTFC and back-EMF self-sensing performance. In this paper, an injection-based real-time parameter estimation method in IM DB-DTFC drives for...
In most loosely coupled inductive wireless power transfer systems, the air-gap magnetic flux density between coils is still far above safety limit, which is a potential threat to human beings and animals. In addition, less attention is paid to the air-gap electric field intensity, which increases significantly as the operating frequency increases. In this paper, a multi-kW inductive wireless power...
This work investigates an approach to combining accurate lithium-ion battery (LIB) dynamic modeling and effective state-of-charge (SOC) prediction at various operating conditions using a structured recurrent neural network (RNN). The RNN model is trained with drive cycle data so that model parameters do not have to be determined with characterization tests, as is typically necessary for an equivalent...
Classical induction machine design generally focuses on achieving high steady state efficiency. In contrast, automotive applications consist of almost continuous transients, where the flux linkage is varied along the driving cycle to save energy. With conventional induction machines designed for high steady state efficiency, higher peak current and excessive machine losses can occur during the transient...
This paper aims to present a model-based design implementation of deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) with back-EMF self-sensing for a SPMSM using rapid control prototyping (RCP) in a real-time control environment. Current and flux observers are key technologies for achieving DB-DTFC. However, the implementation of DB-DTFC using RCP tools can lead to an incorrect execution sequence and...
Variable flux permanent magnet synchronous machines (VF-PMSMs) have recently been proposed to reduce driving cycle losses in electric vehicle traction motors via magnetization state (MS) manipulation. This paper presents a closed-loop magnetization state (MS) control method to enable reliable loss minimization control of VF-PMSMs. The MS is estimated at every sample instant and is used as feedback...
This paper introduces an enhanced speed self-sensing method that tracks stator flux linkage in electric machines at very low speeds. Volt-second sensing technology is used to mitigate the inverter nonlinearity, which is the major source of flux estimation error in the very low speed range. By integrating volt-second sensing in the Gopinath style closed-loop flux observer, the rotor speed information...
Self-sensing is currently still a niche technology. It requires a challenging integration of machine design, power electronics, estimation and controls. This has limited its broad application despite the rapid expansion of new machine opportunities. One approach to address this is to integrate the discipline of self-sensing into undergraduate and Masters level programs on a wide international basis...
Dynamic manipulation of magnetization state (MS) in variable flux permanent magnet synchronous machines (VF-PMSMs) during normal operation based on the torque-speed operating conditions has been shown to significantly reduce machine losses over urban driving cycles. However, the additional losses that are induced during the dynamic MS manipulation have not been evaluated. This paper presents a combination...
Image tracking self-sensing, which utilizes image registration to localize an arc of the negative sequence current response to a high frequency rotating voltage injection within a negative sequence template, can enhance estimation accuracy, increase tolerance to noise, and improve dynamic performance. Image registration over a full injection cycle replaces the heterodyning demodulation used in traditional...
Surface spiral winding has been demonstrated to achieve low skin and proximity effects copper losses, and low air-gap magnetic flux density in MHz, kW level inductive wireless power transfer systems. Even though different dielectric geometries have been proposed to reduce dielectric losses, dielectric losses are still the limiting factor to further improve the coil-to-coil power transfer efficiency...
The fast command tracking provided by the dual-loop fast finite-settling-step (FSS) control for a DC-to-DC converter has been shown to have more energy saving capability than using the conventional PID controller. FSS control is developed based on the accurate nonlinear converter modeling. Thus, circuit parameter mismatch can affect the performance of FSS control so that the loss minimization capability...
This paper presents variable magnetization pattern machines that have a capability to control the spatial property of magnetization patterns in permanent magnets by intentional dynamic demagnetization during operation. These machines can effectively reduce the unwanted property caused by the spatial harmonic magnetic flux density, such as the iron losses and torque ripple, since they can greatly reduce...
Variable flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (VF-PMSM) traction drives are capable of significant loss reduction over an electrical vehicle drive cycle using dynamic magnetization state (MS) manipulation. A continuous, online MS estimation method is desirable for VF-PMSM drives to optimally utilize the loss minimization capability with precise MS control. This paper presents a MS estimation...
Efficiency and power loss are the necessary metrics for evaluating the performance of electrical drives. These two metrics are calculated based on the measured input and output power of the drive. Input power is calculated from the measured terminal voltages and currents, while output power is calculated by multiplying the measured motor speed with the measured shaft torque. Torque transducers are...
MHz operation is required for kW, sub-meter gap wireless power transfer (WPT) to maintain the electromagnetic field strength in the air gap at a very low, intrinsically safe level. To effectively reduce losses associated with skin and proximity effects, surface spiral winding (SSW) coils have been developed for MHz WPT. However, over multi-kV voltage stress has to be sustained by the power amplifier...
Iron losses predominate in automotive traction applications at partial load and thus significantly in driving cycles. In this work, iron losses and overall drive losses of saturated salient pole synchronous machines are minimized by optimal control of flux linkage, in magnitude and waveform. Loss minimizing flux magnitude is calculated in real-time including copper-, inverter- and iron losses. By...
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