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In this paper, an optimization method using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed for the power/ground (P/G) pin assignment of large-scale high-pin-count ball grid array (BGA) packages. A general PSO working flow is introduced, and two examples of P/G pin assignment using the proposed method are presented. For validation, a comparison between Xilinx product and the result from PSO is presented...
Delay is the time taken by the electrical signal to reach from the transmitter to the receiver. If the delays of interconnects are not controlled properly, it may lead to significant error like serious clock skew in high-speed digital systems. Thus delay extraction is important for the performance of sequential control. In this paper, an improved algorithm for delay extraction is proposed. The algorithm...
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