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APOBEC3 proteins are a family of cytidine deaminases that exhibit broad antiretroviral activity. Among APOBEC3 proteins, APOBEC3G (hA3G) and APOBEC3F (hA3F) exhibit the most potent anti-HIV-1 activities. Although the incorporation of hA3F into virions is a prerequisite for exerting its antiviral function, the detail mechanism underlying remains incompletely understood. In this work, we present data...
Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2, also known as Tetherin) inhibits HIV-1 release and thereby severely impairs viral replication. HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu induces the down-regulation of cell surface BST-2, and counteracts the antiviral function of BST-2. Blocking Vpu-mediated down-regulation of cell surface BST-2 is viewed as a new opportunity for developing anti-HIV drugs. In this study,...
Human APOBEC3G (hA3G), a cytidine deaminase with two cytidine deaminase domains (CDs), has been identified as an anti-HIV-1 host factor. Although the two CDs of hA3G have been extensively characterized, there is still debate on the role of the CDs in the biological function of hA3G. In this work, we constructed three hA3G mutants CD1-1, CD2-2 and CD2-1, which contain duplicate CD1 domain, duplicate...
APOBEC3 proteins represent a group of potent intrinsic inhibitors of retroviral replication. Murine APOBEC3 (mA3) is able to inhibit HIV-1, whereas it is inactive against Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV). In this work, we present evidence showing that mA3, compared to hA3G, is incorporated inefficiently into MLV, while the abilities of mA3 and hA3G to be packaged into HIV-1 are similar. The nucleocapsid...
RNA helicases play important roles in RNA metabolism. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) does not carry its own RNA helicase, the virus thus needs to exploit cellular RNA helicases to promote the replication of its RNA at various steps such as transcription, folding and transport. In this study, we report that knockdown of a DEAD-box protein named DDX24 inhibits the packaging of HIV-1 RNA...
RNA helicases are a large family of proteins that are able to unwind RNA duplex and remodel the structure of RNA–protein (RNP) complexes using energy derived from hydrolysis of nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs). Every step of cellular RNA metabolism involves the activity of RNA helicases. Not surprisingly, more and more RNA helicases are reported to participate in the replication of viruses including...
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