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We provide measured data collected from 97 trains completing over 7000 journeys in Sweden showing that the throughput over LTE is impacted by train velocity. In order to explain these observations we assume that the underlying causes can be found in the implementation of the MIMO system into LTE Rel. 8 and the diffuse scattering of signals from ground reflections.
In this study, system level simulations are performed using two different vertical antenna radiation patterns from two real base station antennas with otherwise similar characteristics. The vertical half power beam widths of the two antennas in the investigation were 4 and 8 degrees respectively. In addition the two antennas are compared with the ideal antenna model proposed by 3GPP. The results show...
A number of protection criteria were implemented by the Swedish regulator PTS in order to protect the GSM-R operations in Sweden. In order to protect the GSM-R receivers from interference and blocking, two different constraints were implemented: First, a limitation of the "out-of-band" emissions from the mobile operators' existing base stations operating in the 900MHz band was implemented...
Providing broadband passenger internet on board trains with continuous connectivity at high speeds and over large rural distances is a challenging issue. One solution to the problem is to use an onboard WiFi network connected to multiple 3G and 4G networks deployed outside the train and aggregate their combined capacity at the IP protocol level. In order to be able to provide the capacity and the...
In 2011, the Swedish regulator (PTS) invited all interested parties to apply for licenses to use radio transmitters in the 790-862 MHz frequency band. The licenses are service and technology neutral but all licensees are expected to provide Mobile Broadband (MBB) services using the LTE standard. In order to protect the Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) services provided in the adjacent bands from...
This paper presents a background and an overview of the initial design considerations for phased array antenna being designed for the New Generation multi-static, incoherent-scatter radar station — EISCAT_3D — in Northern Scandinavia. Its anticipated electrical, mechanical and environmental design requirements are given both by the physics as well as by the extreme climate in the subarctic region...
Allgon, “The Antenna Specialist”, was a leading international design house and manufacturer of antennas for almost 60 years. The company was started in Stockholm in 1947 under the name of “Antennspecialisten”, by the Swedish engineer Torbjörn Cramner and his wife Veronica. In 1951 the company moved to Åkersberga north of Stockholm where its main facilities where located until the late 90's. During...
The coverage shaping and interference reduction ability of base station antenna tilt are important tools in cellular network optimization. Through tilt changes, the coverage area of a serving cell may also be either reduced or expanded. Therefore, antenna tilt has the potential to be used for load balancing purposes. This paper gives an overview of base station antennas performance and antenna tilt...
Providing passenger internet on board trains with continuous connectivity at high speeds and over large rural distances is a challenging issue. A frequently used solution to the problem is to use an on board WiFi network connected to the 3G or 4G networks deployed outside the train. In order to be able to provide the capacity and the data rates that tomorrow's business travelers are expecting it has...
In this paper, the radiated power is estimated for various commercially available mobile phones using the Telia Scattered Field Measurement method (TSFM), In-Network performance estimation and the EMSCAN near field scanner: “Lab-Express”. The results are then compared with the radiated power measured using the Satimo Star Gate 64/24 system. Our measurement results suggest that the radiated power measured...
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