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A bottom flange friction device (BFFD) has been developed as an energy dissipation device for self-centering post-tensioned steel beam-to-column connections for moment-resisting frames (MRFs). The BFFD is located beneath the beam to avoid interference with a floor slab. Since the BFFD is attached to only one flange, a connection with a BFFD has an asymmetric behavior with different positive and negative...
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