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We present a novel underwater atomic force microscope system (underwater AFM system), which is mountable on underwater vehicles or submersible seafloor platforms. The mission of the system is to observe microorganisms and microparticulates in situ, which are suspended and dispersed in deepwater, with high spatial resolution down to nanometer scale. The system is composed of three major technological...
Hydrothermal anomalies found in the deep sea are a place where unique ecosystems exist, and may become a possible new resource for metallic ore mining. Elements such as iron and manganese are found in high concentration in hydrothermal vents. Therefore it is possible to use such metal ions as a tracer to detect and evaluate new hydrothermal sources. Here we present a miniaturized and integrated microfluidic...
In this study, "Integrated in situ analyzer-ATP (IISA-ATP)" which is to estimate microbial activities in deep-sea environments has been developed. On the system, a microfluidic device is used as a core element to perform a bioluminescent (luciferin-luciferase) reaction for ATP quantification. The microfluidic device has a coil-shaped microchannel for photo intensity measurement. In this...
This paper describes the study of the DNA markers of uncultured microorganisms in order to develop the technology for detecting methane leakage in the deep sea. Methane oxidizing bacteria called methanotrophs consume methane as their sole energy and carbon source and are distributed at methane producing sites. Aerobic methanotrophic bacteria use soluble methane monooxygenases (sMMO) or particulate...
Many metal ions that can be found at trace or ultratrace level in ocean are coming from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. In particular, manganese (Mn2+) can be assimilated by phytoplankton and so can be found in all the food chain. It is then of interest to be able to detect manganese to determine its spatial distribution and/or to find new hydrothermal sources. Usually, determination of manganese concentration...
An integrated and miniaturized device for in situ quantitative analysis of microbial ATP was developed in this study. The device can perform extracellular ATP elimination, cell lysis and ATP quantification in a microfluidic chip. A pattern of a microchannel has been optimized to measure luminescence caused by luciferin-luciferase reaction. As a result of evaluation of the developed microfluidic device,...
Manganese is a metal ion that can be found at ultra trace level in the ocean. Mainly, manganese comes into the ocean through hydrothermal vents. Usually, determination of manganese concentration is done by sampling seawater in bottles and measuring afterward onboard a ship or in a lab on the ground. Major drawbacks of that method are that only a few samples can be taken at a time and that there is...
Microfluidics is one of the emerging technologies to achieve advanced biological and chemical sensing. A project to develop a series of microfluidics-based in situ measurement systems, named IISA (Integrated In Situ Analyzer)' is underway in author's group at IIS, University of Tokyo. In this talk, a basic concept and technologies of microfluidics will be presented along with some examples of USA...
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