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Smart Grid refers to electric power systems that enhance grid reliability and efficiency by automatically anticipating and responding to system disturbances. To achieve smart grid at the power distribution system level, various automatic technologies have been attempted in the areas of system metering, protection, and control. Within these technologies, automated power restoration is an important...
Current differential relaying has long been an alternative to directional comparison relaying, especially for short line applications. Current transformer performance has always been one of the limiting factors is using a current differential scheme. Summing the current transformer currents before entering the relay deepens the problem. With the advent of multi-terminal current differential relays,...
There are a variety of protective relays using different measuring techniques to provide reliable and secure transformer protection. This includes electro-mechanical, solid state and numerical relays. Within each group, various algorithms exist. Advancements made to transformer technology and design over the past 3 decades, have changed the characteristics of the transformer inrush current, and have...
Protecting the motor is obviously the most important task of protection relays regardless of the technology that they are based on. Microprocessor-based relays are capable of processing the measured data (i.e., current, voltage, and status indication) in many different ways. Registered data in the relay can be sent through a communication network to the operation/engineering headquarters for continuous...
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