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Workshops are an important part of the IFPA annual meeting as they allow for discussion of specialised topics. At the 2015 IFPA annual meeting there were 12 themed workshops, three of which are summarized in this report. These workshops related to various aspects of placental biology and collectively covered areas of obesity and the placenta, stem cells of the feto-maternal interface, and placental...
Necrotic but not apoptotic trophoblastic debris can induce endothelial cell activation but the mechanism by which endothelial cells distinguish apoptotic from necrotic debris is unclear. The NALP3 inflammasome is a pattern recognition receptor that macrophages employ to recognise “danger signals” in necrotic cell corpses. In this study, we hypothesized that endothelial cells can identify and respond...
During the first trimester of human pregnancy, specialised placental cells called extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) grow out from anchoring villi, invade the maternal decidua and remodel the uterine spiral arteries. Inadequate EVT invasion is associated with pregnancy complications including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and pre-eclampsia. During early pregnancy, the placenta exists in a physiologically...
In pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and recurrent miscarriage a poorly functioning placenta is thought to be a major component of the disease process. However, despite their prevalence, we currently have no way to fix dysfunctional placentae or directly treat these disorders. Over the past two decades our understanding of the role that stem cells play...
Human pregnancy is unusual with respect to monthly spontaneous decidualisation as well as the degree of placental invasion and interaction with the decidualised endometrial stroma. This review covers in vivo animal models and in vitro cell culture models that have been used to study the earliest stages of human implantation and placentation from nidation to 5 weeks of gestation. The field has expanded...
The implantation of the blastocyst and early development of the placenta are crucial for the success of implantation and pregnancy. However, the formative stages of human placental development are largely unknown because of their existence in a ‘black box’ where access to samples is extremely limited for ethical reasons. In this review we discuss our current knowledge of early placental formation...
The local actions of glucocorticoids in the placenta can be modulated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) enzymes, which catalyse inter-conversion of cortisol with its inert metabolite, cortisone, and are known to be expressed in the term placenta and decidua. However, the expression and activity of these enzymes have not been well characterised in the first trimester placenta. The aim of...
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