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In the canonical pathway of IFN-I-mediated signaling, phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2 leads to heterodimerization and interaction with IRF9. This complex, also known as IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), then translocates into the nucleus and binds the IFN-I-stimulated response element (ISRE) leading to the activation of transcription of over 300 interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). In addition,...
IFNα induces ISG expression by phosphorylating STAT1 and STAT2. STAT1 homodimers facilitate transcriptional responses by directly activating ISGs containing GAS element. Combinatorial association of STAT1 and STAT2 with the additional DNA binding protein IRF9 (forming ISGF3) induce ISRE-containing ISGs. Evidence is accumulating for the existence of a STAT2/IRF9-dependent, STAT1-independent IFNα signaling...
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