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Cowpox virus infection induces interleukin-10 (IL-10) production from mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) or cells of the mouse macrophage line (RAW264.7) at about 1800pg/ml, whereas infections with vaccinia virus (strains WR or MVA) induced much less IL-10. Similarly, in vivo, IL-10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of mice infected with cowpox virus were significantly higher...
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), which is a promising replication-defective vaccine vector, is unusual among the orthopoxviruses in activating NF-κB transcription factors in cells of several types. In human embryonic kidney (HEK 293T) cells, the MVA-induced depletion of IκBα required to activate NF-κB is inhibited by UV-inactivation of the virus, and begins before viral DNA replication. In HEK...
An anti-poxvirus vaccine based on replicon particles of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VRP) is being developed. The cowpox virus genes encoding structural proteins corresponding to vaccinia virus proteins A33, B5, and A27 were each expressed from VRP. High serum IgG titers against these proteins were generated in BALB/c mice vaccinated with each of these VRP. VRP induced both IgG1 and IgG2a...
The 3′ ends of late mRNAs of theatigene, encoding the major component of the A-type inclusions, are generated by endoribonucleolytic cleavage at a specific site in the primary transcript [Antczaket al.,(1992),Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA89, 12033–12037]. In this study, sequence analysis of cDNAs of the 3′ ends ofatimRNAs showed these mRNAs are 3′ polyadenylated at the RNA cleavage site. This suggests...
Pig kidney cells (LLC-PK1) were infected with one of three viruses: wild-type cowpox virus (Brighton red strain) expressing thecrmAgene; recombinant cowpox virus A602, lacking thecrmAgene; or cowpox virus A604, a revertant of virus A602, expressing thecrmAgene. The wild-type virus and virus A604 produced identical cytopathic effects consistent with death by necrosis. In these cells, the structural...
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