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Fatty acid has recently received considerable interest as a possible precursor for producing renewable hydrocarbon. In this study, we investigated hydrothermal catalytic deoxygenation of palmitic acid to produce paraffin over a Ni/ZrO2 catalyst with no or low-pressure (100psi) external supply of H2. The results show that the presence of water greatly improved conversion of palmitic acid and paraffin...
Shengli lignite from China was treated by hydrothermal dewatering (HTD) under 200–300°C. The changes of physico-chemical structure and surface properties of Shengli lignite were tested and the relationship between these changes was analyzed. The equilibrium moisture content of Shengli lignite decreased from 29.75% in raw coal to 7.40% in HTD-300 (the sample treated by HTD under 300°C) due to the decomposition...
Alkoxide/hydroxide catalysts were synthesized by heating aqueous solutions of lithium hydroxide with glycerol under vacuum. The dehydration rates for different mole ratios of lithium hydroxide to glycerol were 3:1<2:1<1:1. Temperature showed a clear effect on dehydration rate while the effect of vacuum was less important. The resulting base catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction...
To achieve energy security in an environmentally benign way, China has to convert a significant fraction of its abundant coal resource to clean fuels (liquid fuels or synthetic natural gas, SNG) to meet the fast increasing demand on transportation fuel and municipal gas. Following the successful operation of the 4000bbl/d Yitai and Luan coal-to-liquids plants using the medium temperature Fischer Tropsch...
The use of surfactants and detergent fractionation to improve the cold flow properties of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (BWCO) was investigated. The effect of five types of surfactants, including sugar esters (S270 and S1570), silicone oil (TSA 750S), polyglycerol ester (LOP-120DP) and diesel conditioner (DDA) on the reduction of the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of the BWCO, was evaluated,...
This paper designs four cases to investigate the performances of the polygeneration processes, which depend on the commercially ready technology to convert coal to liquid fuels (CTL) and electricity with CO 2 sequestration. With Excel-Aspen Plus based models, mass and energy conversion are calculated in detail. The simulation shows that the thermal efficiency is down with the synfuels yield...
A systematic study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ratio on reduction, carburization and catalytic behavior of iron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts promoted with potassium and copper. The catalysts were characterized by N 2 physical adsorption, CO 2 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), H 2 temperature-programmed...
The kinetics of water gas shift (WGS) reaction over an Fe–Mn catalyst under Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction conditions is studied in a spinning basket reactor. Experimental conditions are varied as follows: temperature of 533–573K, reactor pressure of 10.0–26.5bar, H 2 /CO feed ratio of 0.66–2.0 and space velocity of 0.66–2.65×10 −3 Nm 3 kg cat−1 s ...
The kinetics models of oxygenate formation in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) over an industrial Fe–Mn catalyst are studied in a continuous spinning basket reactor. Detailed kinetics models on the basis of possible oxygenate formation mechanisms, namely adsorbed CO or CH 2 insertion mechanisms, are derived. The calculated alcohol and acid distributions in FTS reaction fit the experimental...
A precipitated iron catalyst containing sulfur for Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) synthesis was prepared by means of a novel method using a ferrous sulfate as precursor. Both fixed bed reactor (FBR) and continues stirred tank slurry reactor (STSR) were used to test long-term F–T reaction behaviors over the catalyst. A stability test (1600 h) in FBR showed that the catalyst was active even after 1500 h of time-on-stream...
The kinetic experiments of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) over an industrial Fe–Cu–K catalyst are carried out in a micro-fixed-bed reactor under the conditions as follows: temperature of 493–542K, pressure of 10.9–30.9bar, H 2 /CO feed ratio of 0.98–2.99, and space velocity of 4000–10 000h −1 . The effects of secondary reactions of olefins are investigated by co-feeding C 2 ...
An industrial manganese-promoted ultrafine particle (UFP) iron catalyst for slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was examined in a 1dm 3 stirred tank slurry reactor under various reaction conditions as a representative of industrial practice (533-573K, 1.5-2.5MPa, 1.0-2.5l (STP)/g-cath, H 2 /CO=0.65-2.0). The Fe-Mn UFP catalyst showed high CO conversion and gave high yields of C...
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