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The internal nozzle flow has great influence on fuel injection and spray. This work investigates the impacts of the injection back pressure on the nozzle inner cavitation developing, especially the flow characteristic during choking process. Based on the theoretical analysis, a three-dimension numerical model is developed to investigate the details of the inner nozzle cavitation flow. The numerical...
The fuel injectors in a heavy-duty diesel engine with a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system operate in harsh conditions that cause them to deteriorate, resulting in changes in the fuel injection quantity. In this study, a method for determining the injection quantity of fuel injected using the output of a NOx sensor in a heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with a SCR system is developed. A mathematical...
Ground granulated blast furnace slags (GGBFSs) of grades 80, 100 and 120 were investigated for high waste loading fly ash based geopolymer waste forms. Samples were prepared at a fixed fly ash/GGBFS mass ratio of 5/3, using an activating solution prepared from concentrated Hanford secondary waste (HSW) simulant. The fresh pastes were subjected to isothermal conduction calorimetry and Vicat setting...
Blends of circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) fly and bottom ashes of the same coal origin were investigated as raw materials for geopolymer synthesis. Reactivity of the low-reactive CFBC fly ash (CFA) was enhanced by an alkali-fusion pretreatment, which was optimized by an L 16 (4 4 ) orthogonal array. It was found that, at a relatively low sodium hydroxide to CFA mass ratio...
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