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The HIV-1 protein Vpr enhances macrophage infection, triggers G2 cell cycle arrest, and targets cells for NK-cell killing. Vpr acts through the CRL4 DCAF1 ubiquitin ligase complex to cause G2 arrest and trigger expression of NK ligands. Corresponding ubiquitination targets have not been identified. UNG2 and SMUG1 are the only known substrates for Vpr-directed depletion through CRL4 DCAF1...
Among the proteins encoded by human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) at least three, Vif, Vpu and Vpr, subvert cellular ubiquitin ligases to block the action of anti-viral defenses. This review focuses on Vpr and its HIV2/SIV counterparts, Vpx and Vpr, which all engage the DDB1·Cullin4 ubiquitin ligase complex through the DCAF1 adaptor protein. Here, we discuss the multiple functions...
In cells that exhibit caveolae, the hormone-sensitive pool of PtdIns 4,5-P2is localized in a low density, caveolin-enriched membrane fraction (1). Neuro 2a cells do not express caveolin. Nonetheless, the PtdIns 4,5-P2in these cells is compartmentalized in a low density, detergent-insoluble domain that also contains other signaling-related molecules. Compartmentalization of PtdIns 4,5-P2was observed...
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