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Type A Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT/A), the most potent poison known to mankind, is produced by Clostridium botulinum type A as a complex with neurotoxin-associated proteins (NAPs). Currently BoNT/A in purified and complex forms are both available in therapeutic and cosmetic applications to treat neuromuscular disorders. Whereas Xeomin ® (incobotulinumtoxin A, Merz Pharmaceuticals, Germany)...
Among the seven serotypes (A–G), type A botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT/A) is the most prevalent etiologic agent and the most potent serotype to cause foodborne botulism, characterized by flaccid muscle paralysis. Upon ingestion, BoNT/A crosses epithelial cell barriers to reach lymphatic and circulatory systems and blocks acetylcholine release at the pre-synaptic cholinergic nerve terminals of neuromuscular...
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