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Inhibitors of topoisomerase II alpha (TopoIIα), an enzyme with a crucial role in DNA maintenance, are included in the chemotherapy protocols for testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs). Despite the success of current chemotherapy regimens, a significant number of patients experience relapse. We analyzed TopoIIα expression in primary and metastatic testicular GCTs because this enzyme is a target for some...
Patients and referring physicians often ask about the significance of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) on pathology reports from radical prostatectomy specimens. However, limited data are available concerning the relationship between LVI and preoperative screening characteristics, pathologic tumor features, and patient prognosis. LVI was evaluated for its ability to predict elevated prostate-specific...
Objectives. To assess the degree of correlation between the pathologic characteristics of the specimens obtained from biopsy and radical cystoprostatectomy. The stage and grade of bladder urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma are important predictors of prognosis.Methods. We retrospectively identified 169 cases of urothelial carcinoma from 222 radical cystectomies performed at University of Chicago...
Objectives. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is often considered a premalignant lesion of the prostate. Its incidence ranges from 0.7% to 20% in all prostate biopsies, and patients with HGPIN on initial biopsy are reportedly found to have a higher risk of cancer on subsequent biopsy. The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence of HGPIN in our patients who underwent...
Objectives. With increased screening for prostate cancer, we have noted a greater number of patients with small foci of Gleason score 7 or greater prostate cancer on needle biopsy. The significance of these findings is unknown.Methods. We studied 57 men with small foci of Gleason score 7 or greater on needle biopsy. Tumor length was less than 1.5 mm in all but 2 cases. In those 2 cases, there were...
Objectives. Finasteride, a common agent used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), inhibits 5-alpha-reductase. Testosterone is converted by 5-alpha-reductase to the more potent dihydrotestosterone, which is the primary androgen in the prostate. Leuprolide is a stronger antiandrogen that is used to downstage prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy. Leuprolide induces marked atrophy of prostate...
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